After the doors were locked : a history of youth corrections in California and the origins of twenty-first-century reform /
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| Author / Creator: | Macallair, Dan, author. |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield, [2015] |
| Description: | xxviii, 322 pages ; 24 cm |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/10463623 |
Table of Contents:
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: Juvenile Justice in Historical Perspective
- Part I. The San Francisco Industrial School and the Origins of Youth Corrections in California
- 1. The Industrial School's Historical Roots
- Introduction
- The Industrial School's Eastern Origins
- Public Schools and Parens Patriae
- The Developments in the 1840s and 1850s
- 2. The Founding of the San Francisco Industrial School
- The Gold Rush and Lawlessness in California
- The House of Refuge Movement Comes to California
- The Early Years of the Industrial School
- The Marysville Challenge
- Escapes Scandals and Brutality
- 3. Reorganization and reform
- Financial Trouble and Reorganization
- Abolishment of the Private Charter
- The Magdalen Asylum and the Treatment of Girls
- 4. New Legal Procedures and Jurisprudence
- Police Courts and Legal Procedures
- Legal Challenges to the Industrial School
- 5. New Approaches and the Birth of Probation
- The Boys and Girls Aid Society and California's First Probation Act
- The U.S.S. Jamestown
- 6. The Industrial School's Legacy
- The Industrial School's Final Years
- The Industrial School Closes Its Doors
- Part II. California Enters the Reform School Era
- 7. The California State Penological Commission and the Search for New Approaches
- California Enters the Reform School Era
- The Opening and Organization of the Whittier State School
- The Girls Department
- The Boys Department
- Emerging Issues at Whittier: Determinant or Indeterminate Commitments
- The Whittier State School: The First 10 Years
- Institutional Decay
- Ex Parte Becknell and Due Process
- The Development of the Preston School of Industry
- Design of the Program
- The Bank Issue: First Controversy
- The Ouster of Carl Bank and the Politics of Reform School Management
- Chaos Continues
- The In re Peterson Case (1903)
- 8. Founding of the California Juvenile Court
- The Need to Invoke the Parens Patriae Doctrine
- Reasserting State Authority Over Children
- 9. The Whittier State School and the Realities of Institutional Life
- An Orderly Life
- Revisiting the Cottage System
- The Nelles Era and Progressive Era Management
- Program Changes
- 10. The Introduction of Intelligence Testing at Whittier and the Emergence of Eugenics
- Origins and Growth of Intelligence Testing
- Intelligence Testing and the Eugenics Movement
- The Discovery of the "Feebleminded"
- Eliminating the Unwanted: Sterilization
- 11. Preston and the George Junior Republic Experiment
- Inmate Self-Government
- A Failed Experiment
- Outlawing the Lash
- 12. The Establishment of the California School for Girls
- Magdalen Asylum and the Guardians of Morality
- Reinforcing Girls' Traditional Sex Roles
- 13. Preston in the 1920s and 1930s
- A New Superintendent but Problems Continue
- O. H. Close Appointed Preston Superintendent
- 14. California Commission on the Study of Problem Children and the Reaffirmation of Institutional Care
- Examining Institutional Care
- 15. The 1930s: The Decade of Complacency and the End of an Era
- The Failure of Institutional Care
- Part III. From Reform School to Correctional System: The Creation of the California Youth Authority
- 16. The Death of Benny Moreno
- 17. The Death of Edward Leiva and the Lindsey Committee
- 18. The Lindsey Report: Pulling Back the Curtain on Institutional Care
- Father Flanagan to the Rescue
- 19. The Birth of the California Youth Corrections Authority Act
- The California Youth Corrections Authority
- Humble Beginnings
- Expansion of the Mandate and the Creation of the California Youth Authority
- Administration and Structure of the New Agency
- Institutional Expansion Becomes the Dominant Mandate
- Reforming Institutional Treatment
- Testing the Constitutionality of the Youth Authority
- Training Staffing and Recruitment
- Leadership in Delinquency Prevention
- Parole and Probation Services
- 20. Expansion into the 1950s
- Deuel Vocational Institution
- Pressure to Build
- Reception Centers and the New Institutional Priorities
- Establishing the Research Division
- The I-Level System
- Expansion of the Prevention Branch
- Population Growth and Institutional Expansion in the 1960s
- The Loss of Faith in Institutional Treatment and the Introduction of Community Treatment
- 21. The Birth of Community Treatment
- Broadening Noninstitutional Options to Reduce Population Pressures
- Probation Subsidy
- The Administration of Allen Breed and the Era of Due Process
- The Closing of the Massachusetts Reform Schools and the End of California's Progressive Leadership
- Part IV. The Youth Authority's Decline and Fall
- 22. Changing Politics of the 1970s and 1980s
- Beginning of the End: 1980s Retrenchment and the Commonweal Reports
- 23. The Path toward More Punitive Justice
- The Commonweal Investigations and the Erosion of Confidence
- 24. The Commonweal Hearings
- The Fallout from the Commonweal Reports and the Growing Prison Lobby
- The Wilson Administration
- The Worsening Crisis
- 25. The Farrell Litigation and the End of the Youth Authority Era
- The Consent Decree and the End of the Youth Authority Era
- 26. Returning to the Past: Reviving the Doctrine of Institutional
- Treatment
- The Failure of Implementation and the System Downsizing
- Realignment and Downsizing
- Full Realignment and the Question of Closure
- The LAO Report
- The CJCJ County Capacity Analysis Report
- County Commitment Rates
- Backlash
- Part V. Conclusion
- Repeating the Past
- The Interest Group Problem
- The Limitations of Lawsuits
- County Complicity
- Keeping Secrets
- "Nicer Institution" Syndrome
- Arguments against Reform
- Afterword
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Index
