Human rights obligations of armed non-state actors in non-international armed conflicts /

Human rights obligations of armed non-state actors in non-international armed conflicts /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:Pushparajah, Nadarajah, author.
Imprint:The Netherlands : Wolf Legal Publishers, [2016]
©2016
Description:xii, 320 pages ; 24 cm
Language:English
Subject:
Human rights.
Humanitarian law.
Civil war -- Protection of civilians.
Humanitarian law.
International law and human rights.
Non-state actors (International relations)
Format: Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/10968463
Hidden Bibliographic Details
ISBN:9462403295
9789462403291
Notes:Includes bibliographical references (pages 285-299).
Summary:This book explores the human rights obligations of armed non-state actors in non-international armed conflicts from the existing sources. This book seriously challenges the Statecentric view of human rights by breaking the traditional perception of international human rights regime that applies only to State actors. This book shows the necessity in considering the capacity of de facto regimes of armed non-state actors to incur human rights obligations in order to protect individuals and groups, and regulate their daily lives in the control areas of these armed non-state actors. Further, this book proves the capacity of armed non-state actors for violating human rights as well as bearing human rights obligations in non-international armed conflicts. The degree of human rights obligations of armed non-state actors, especially regarding civil and political rights, as well as obligations towards some vulnerable groups, has been confirmed in this book. Nevertheless it is very difficult to impose human rights obligations on armed nonstate actors without relying on other international norms such as international humanitarian law and international criminal law in non-international armed conflicts since these bodies of law give more detailed provisions to regulate the specific issue. In addition, the success of the fulfilment of obligations in international norms by armed non-state actors mostly depends on their capacity, willingness and intentions, including the ideology of a specific group.
Table of Contents:
  • Dedications
  • About Author
  • Acknowledgment
  • Table of Content
  • Abbreviations
  • Introduction
  • Part I. Non-International Armed Conflicts and Armed Non-State Actors
  • Chapter 1. Non-International Armed Conflict and Armed Non-Stare Actors in International Law
  • 3. NIACs and ANSAs in Common Article 3 to the Four GCs of 1949
  • 1.1. ICTY and Armed Conflict not of an International Character
  • 2. MIAC and ANSAs in Article 1(1) of APII
  • 3. NIAC and ANSAs in Article 8(2) (f) of the ICC Statute
  • 3.1. Does Article 8(2) (f) Introduced a New Category of a NIAC?
  • 4. Conclusion
  • Part II. Application of International Law
  • Chapter 2. Applicability of International Human Rights Law to Armed Non-State Actors and Origin of Their Obligations
  • 1. State-Centric Approach of THRL
  • 2. Denial of the Applicability of IHRL to ANSA
  • 3. Shifting Nature of State-Centric View
  • 4. Application of IHRL to ANSAs through Territorial Control
  • 5. Applicability of IHRL Treaties to ANSAs
  • 5.1. Development of the New Human Rights Treaties
  • 5.1.1. CRC Optional Protocol Armed Conflict of 2002
  • 5.1.2. Kampala Convention
  • 6. Customary International Law
  • 7. Practice
  • 7.1. Practices of International Bodies in Applying IHRL to ANSAs
  • 7.1.1. The UNSC
  • 7.1.2. The UNGA
  • 7.1.3. The UNHRC
  • 7.1.4. Work of Special Rapporteurs
  • 7.1.5. The Reports of the UNSG and OHCHR
  • 7.2. Practice of the UN and National Inquiry Mechanisms in Applying THRL to ANSAs
  • 7.2.1. The UN Commission of Inquiry and Fact-Finding Missions
  • 7.2.2. National Truth and Reconciliation Commissions
  • 7.3. Practice of ANSAs in Applying IHRL
  • 7.3.1. Unilateral Declaration
  • 7.3.2. Responses to IHRL Allegations
  • 7.3.3. Justification of Struggle and Codes of Conduct
  • 7.3.4. Ceasefire and Peace Agreements
  • A. San Jose Agreement
  • B. 1994 Comprehensive Agreement on Human Rights
  • C. Lome Peace Agreement
  • D. Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro Political Region of 2012
  • E. Legal Implication of Ceasefire and Peace Agreements
  • 8. Conclusion
  • Chapter 3. Applicability of International Humanitarian Law to Armed Non-State Actors and Origin of Their Obligations
  • 1. Applicability of IHL Treaties
  • 1.1. Common Article 3
  • 1.2. Additional Protocol II
  • 1.3. Other IHL Treaties
  • 2. Modern Customary International Law
  • 3. Theories and Practices in Applying IHL to ANSAs
  • 3.1. Theories
  • 3.1.1. ANSAs as Third Parties
  • 3.1.2. Doctrine of Legislative Jurisdiction
  • 3.1.3. De Facto Territorial Control and Success of Insurrection
  • 3.2. Practice
  • 3.2.1. Practice of Judicial Bodies and Other International Bodies
  • 3.2.2. Practice of ANSAs
  • A. Unilateral Declarations
  • B. Ad-Hoc/Special Agreement
  • I. Legal Status of Ad-Hoc/Special Agreement
  • C. Codes of Conduct and Internal Regulations of ANSAs
  • D. Legislation
  • 4. Conclusion
  • Part III. Substantial Obligations
  • Chapter 4. Practical Interaction between Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • 1. Overlapping Substantial Obligations of IHL with IHRL
  • 2. Principle of Lex Specialis
  • 2.1. Lex Specialis in the Context of Armed Conflicts
  • 3. Conclusion
  • Chapter 5. Core Substantial Human Rights Obligations of ANSAs
  • 1. The Right to Life
  • 1.2. Restriction of the Use of Force and Protection of Civilians
  • 1.2.1. Respect the Principle of Distinction
  • A. Practice of International Bodies
  • B. Practice of ANSAs
  • 1.2.2. Principle of Proportionality
  • 1.2.3. Principle of Precaution
  • 2. Torture, Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment and Outrage upon Personal Dignity
  • 2.1. Torture
  • 2.2. Cruel and inhuman treatment
  • 2.3. Outrage upon Personal Dignity and Degrading Treatment
  • 2.3. The Practice of ANSAs
  • 3. Slavery and the Slave Trade
  • 4. Discrimination on Grounds of Race, Sex, Languages or Religion
  • 4.1. Practice of ANSAs
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Chapter 6. Substantial Obligations of Armed Non-State Actors towards Some Vulnerable Groups
  • 1. Obligations towards Children
  • 1.1. Active Participation of Children in Armed Conflicts
  • 1.2. Recruitment of Children
  • 1.3. Practice of the UNSC
  • 1.4. Practice of ANSAs
  • 2. Obligations towards Women
  • 2.1. Practice of UNSC
  • 2.2. Practice of ANSAs
  • 3. Obligations towards IDPs
  • 3.1. Prohibition of Forced Displacement
  • 3.2. Treatment o Internationally Displaced Persons
  • 3.3. Practice of ANSAs
  • 4. Obligations towards Interned and Detained Persons
  • 4.1. Treatment of Detained and Interned Persons
  • 4.2. Practice of ANSAs
  • 4.3. Institutional Mechanisms for Legal Action
  • 4.3.1. The Court of ANSAs and Prosecution
  • A. The Legal Status of the Judicial System of ANSAs
  • B. Due Process Guarantees
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Part IV. Accountability
  • Chapter 7. Accountability of Armed Non-State Actors for Violations of International Norms
  • 1. Enforcement of Individual Criminal Responsibility in NIACs: A Brief Introduction
  • 2. Modes of Individual Criminal Responsibility
  • 2.1. Planning/Preparing, Attempt and Abandonment
  • 2.1.1. Planning and Preparing
  • 2.1.2. Is Planning the Same as Conspiracy?
  • 2.1.3. Attempt and Abandonment
  • 2.2. Instigating, Soliciting, Inducing and Inciting
  • 2.3. Ordering
  • 2.4. Aiding and Abetting
  • 2.5. Commission/Perpetration
  • 2.5.1. Joint Criminal Enterprise 204 A. Forms of Joint Criminal Enterprises
  • 2.5.2. Co-perpetration
  • 3. Superior Responsibility
  • 3.1. Brief History of Superior Responsibility
  • 3.2. Elements of Superior Responsibility
  • 3.2.1. Superior-Subordinare Relationship
  • 3.2.2. Know or Had Reason to Know
  • 3.2.3. Failure to Prevent or Punish
  • A. Duty to Prevent
  • B. Duty to Punish
  • 3.3. Does the Civilian Superior within an ANSA have Superior Responsibility?
  • 4. Practical Challenges in Prosecuting ANSAs
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Part V. Engagement
  • Chapter 8. Enhancing Compliance with International Norms by Armed Non-State Actors
  • 1. Obstacles in Compliance of International Norms by ANSAs
  • 2. Engaging with ANSAs
  • 2.1. Humanitarian Engagement and Its Purpose
  • 3. Approaches of Humanitarian Actors towards ANSAs: Selected Cases
  • 3.1. ICRC
  • 3.2. Geneva Call
  • 4. Incentive of Complying with International Norms
  • 5. Practical Challenges in Engaging with ANSAs
  • 5.1. General Challenges
  • 5.2. Specific Challenges
  • 5.2.1. Challenges after the 9/11 and Counterterrorism Measures
  • 5.2.2. Challenges in Engaging with ANSAs Suspected for International Crimes
  • 6. Strategies to Increase the Level of Compliance of ANSAs with International Norms
  • 6.1. Using Engagement Tools Effectively
  • 6.2. Other Policy Architectures
  • 7. Some Strategies for Humanitarian Actors for the Successful Humanitarian Engagement
  • 7.1. Performing an Assessment of the Situation
  • 7.2. Other Policy Architectures
  • 8. Conclusion
  • General Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Table of Documents
  • Table of Cases
  • Table of Treaties
  • List of UN Resolutions
  • Other International Reports and Instruments
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