European intermediary liability in copyright : a tort-based analysis /

European intermediary liability in copyright : a tort-based analysis /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:Angelopoulos, Christina, author.
Imprint:Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Wolters Kluwer, [2017]
©2017
Description:xvi, 567 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.
Language:English
Series:Information law series (INFO) ; volume 39
Information law series ; 39.
Subject:
Copyright infringement -- European Union countries.
Internet service providers -- European Union countries.
Torts -- European Union countries.
Copyright infringement.
Internet service providers.
Torts.
Europe -- European Union countries.
Format: Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/10988942
Hidden Bibliographic Details
ISBN:9041168354
9789041168351
9041168354
Notes:Includes bibliographical references (pages [519]-551) and index.
Summary:Provides a clarification on the substantive rules of European intermediary accessory liability in copyright and formulates harmonised European norms to govern this complicated topic. In step with the rapid progress to the centre of modern social, political, and economic life, the internet has proven a convenient vehicle for the commission of unprecedented levels of copyright infringement. Given the formidable practical obstacles to the successful pursuit of actual perpetrators, it has become common for intermediaries providers of internet-related infrastructure and services to face liability as accessories. Despite advances in policy at the European level, the law in this area remains far from consistently applicable. This is the first book to take a law-based approach towards exploring a possible introduction of a substantive European intermediary liability.
Table of Contents:
  • List of Abbreviations
  • Acknowledgements
  • Chapter 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Setting the Scene
  • 1.2. Problem Definition
  • 1.3. Scope
  • 1.3.1. Accessory Liability
  • 1.3.2. Internet Intermediaries
  • 1.3.3. Copyright Law
  • 1.3.4. Remedies
  • 1.4. Terminology
  • 1.4.1. 'Accessory Liability'
  • 1.4.2. 'Tort Law'
  • 1.5. Methodology
  • 1.5.1. The European Legal Method
  • 1.5.2. Comparative Law
  • 1.5.3. Selection of National Jurisdictions
  • 1.6. Outline
  • 1.7. A Brief Note on Ideology
  • Chapter 2. The Need for Reform: The Current EU Legal Framework
  • 2.1. A Brief Overview of the EU Rules on Copyright
  • 2.1.1. The Right of Reproduction
  • 2.1.2. The Right of Communication to the Public
  • 2.1.3. Primary and Accessory EU Copyright Liability
  • 2.2. The EU Rules on Intermediary Accessory Liability in Copyright
  • 2.2.1. Scope: Defining Intermediaries in the Directives
  • 2.2.1.1. Intermediaries in the E-Commerce Directive
  • 2.2.1.2. Intermediaries in the Copyright Directive
  • 2.2.2. Article 12 of the E-Commerce Directive: The Mere Conduit Safe Harbour
  • 2.2.3. Article 13 of the E-Commerce Directive: The Caching Safe Harbour
  • 2.2.4. Article 14 of the E-Commerce Directive: The Hosting Safe Harbour
  • 2.2.4.1. The Knowledge Standard
  • 2.2.4.2. Post-knowledge Reaction
  • 2.2.4.3. Absence of Authority or Control
  • 2.2.4.4. Notice-and-Action
  • 2.2.4.5. Duties of Care
  • 2.2.5. Article 8 of the Copyright Directive: Injunctive Relief
  • 2.2.6. Article 3 of the Enforcement Directive: General Limitations
  • 2.2.7. Article 15 of the E-Commerce Directive: More Concrete Guidance
  • 2.2.7.1. No General Obligation to Monitor
  • 2.2.7.2. Notification to the Authorities
  • 2.2.7.3. Injunctions versus Duties of Care
  • 2.3. A 'Fair Balance' between Copyright and Other Fundamental Rights
  • 2.3.1. Balancing Intermediary Liability in the EU
  • 2.3.2. The Origins of Fair Balance: Balancing in Legal Theory, the CJEU and the ECHR
  • 2.3.2.1. 'Fair Balance' in CJEU Case Law
  • 2.3.2.2. 'Fair Balance' in ECtHR Case Law
  • 2.3.3. Balancing Intermediary Liability in the ECHR
  • 2.3.4. Balancing as Legal Discourse
  • 2.4. Conclusion
  • Chapter 3. Digging Deeper: The National Norms on Intermediary Accessory Liability
  • 3.1. England
  • 3.1.1. Secondary Infringement
  • 3.1.2. Authorisation of Infringement
  • 3.1.2.1. The Evolution of Authorisation
  • 3.1.2.2. Authorisation Abroad: Divergent Interpretations
  • 3.1.2.3. Authorisation Online
  • 3.1.3. Return to Tort Law Basics: Joint Tortfeasance
  • 3.1.3.1. Procurement or Inducement
  • 3.1.3.2. Combination or Common Design
  • 3.1.3.3. Assistance or Faciliation
  • 3.1.3.4. Joint Tortfeasance and Intermediary Liability
  • 3.1.4. Injunctive Relief
  • 3.1.4.1. Section 97A CDPA
  • 3.1.4.2. Norwich Pharmacal orders
  • 3.1.5. Duties of Care: The Negligence Approach
  • 3.2. France
  • 3.2.1. Special Liability Regimes A: The Hébergeur
  • 3.2.2. Special Liability Regime B: The Éditeur
  • 3.2.3. Le Droit Commun: The General Rules of Tort Law
  • 3.2.3.1. Règles spéciales: The Intellectual Property Code
  • 3.2.3.2. Règles générales: Negligence Liability
  • 3.2.4. Action en cessation: Injunctive Relief
  • 3.2.5. Additional Obligations
  • 3.3. Germany
  • 3.3.1. Störerhaftung or Disturber Liability
  • 3.3.1.1. The Conditions of Störerhaftung
  • 3.3.1.2. Störerhaftung and Intermediary Liability in Copyright
  • 3.3.1.3. Compatibility with the E-Commerce Directive
  • 3.3.1.4. Störerhaftung as Injunctive Relief for 'Neutral' Intermediaries
  • 3.3.2. The General Rules of Tort Law
  • 3.3.2.1. Täterhaftung: Liability as a Joint Tortfeasor
  • 3.3.2.2. Mittäter and Teilnehmer: Participants, Instigators and Accessories
  • 3.3.2.3. Towards a Negligence-Based Accessory Liability
  • 3.3.3. Information Claims
  • 3.4. Conclusion: Three Views on Accessory Liability
  • Chapter 4. Back to the Basics: The Elements of a European Accessory Liability
  • 4.1. A European Fault Liability
  • 4.1.1. Defining Fault Liability
  • 4.1.2. The Conditions of Fault Liability
  • 4.2. Fault
  • 4.2.1. Intention
  • 4.2.2. Negligence
  • 4.2.2.1. The Reasonable Person
  • 4.2.2.2. The Factors of Negligence
  • 4.2.2.3. Outer Negligence: Risk and Care
  • 4.2.2.4. Inner Negligence: Knowledge and Abilities
  • 4.3. The Limits of Fault
  • 4.3.1. Germany: Unlawfulness
  • 4.3.2. England: Duty of Care
  • 4.3.3. The Limits of Fault and Intermediary Accessory Liability in Copyright
  • 4.3.3.1. Copyright and Pure Economic Loss
  • 4.3.3.2. Accessory Liability and Omissions
  • 4.3.4. A European Rule for Omissions
  • 4.4. Causation
  • 4.4.1. Causation in the National Systems
  • 4.4.1.1. Germany
  • 4.4.1.2. England
  • 4.4.1.3. France
  • 4.4.2. Causation and Intermediary Accessory Liability in Copyright
  • 4.4.3. A European Rule for Causation
  • 4.5. Defences
  • 4.5.1. Defences in the National Systems
  • 4.5.2. A European Rule for Defences
  • 4.6. Negligence Balancing and the 'Fair Balance'
  • 4.6.1. Negligence Balancing: A Rights-Based or Utility-Based Approach?
  • 4.6.2. A Return to 'Fair Balance'
  • 4.6.3. Bridging the Gap to Fundamental Rights
  • 4.7. Conclusion
  • Chapter 5. Shaping European Intermediary Accessory Copyright Liability: What Would a Reasonable Intermediary Do?
  • 5.1. The Basic Framework: The Unreasonable Intermediary
  • 5.1.1. The Building Blocks of Accessory Liability
  • 5.1.2. Fault Liability and Legal Persons
  • 5.2. The Conduct Element
  • 5.2.1. 'A Psychological Causation'
  • 5.2.2. 'Mere' Facilitation
  • 5.2.3. Causal Participation
  • 5.3. The Mental Element
  • 5.3.1. Intention
  • 5.3.1.1. Defining Intention in Intermediary Liability
  • 5.3.1.2. Proving the Intermediary's Intent
  • 5.3.1.3. General versus Specific Intent
  • 5.3.2. Knowledge
  • 5.3.2.1. Actual versus Constructive Knowledge
  • 5.3.2.2. General versus Specific Knowledge
  • 5.3.2.3. Knowledge Floors and Knowledge Ceilings
  • 5.4. 'Something More': Duties of Care
  • 5.4.1. Balancing the Duties of Care
  • 5.4.2. Structuring Balancing: The Criteria of Care
  • 5.4.3. The Four Criteria of Care
  • 5.4.3.1. The Risk of Infringement
  • 5.4.3.2. The Benefit of the Conduct
  • 5.4.3.3. The Burden of the Measures of Care
  • 5.4.3.4. The Responsibility of the Intermediary
  • 5.5. 'Fairly Balanced' Measures of Care: Individual Analysis
  • 5.5.1. The Suspension of the Perpetrator of the Infringement
  • 5.5.2. Measures for the Identification of the Perpetrator
  • 5.5.3. The Monitoring Content, Including Filtering
  • 5.5.4. The Blocking and Removal of Infringing Content, Including Notice-and-Take-Down
  • 5.5.5. Warning Systems
  • 5.5.6. Notification to the Authorities
  • 5.5.7. Choosing a Measure of Care
  • 5.5.7.1. Implementing Measures of Care: Skills
  • 5.5.7.2. Persistent Breach of Duty: Intent by Forbearance
  • 5.6. Proportionate Remedies: Matching Fate to Fault
  • 5.6.1. The General Rule of Solidary Liability
  • 5.6.2. Possible Alternatives
  • 5.6.2.1. Proportionate Liability in Negligence
  • 5.6.2.2. A Principle of Subsidiarity
  • 5.6.2.3. The Störerhaftung Solution
  • 5.7. Defences
  • 5.8. Conclusion
  • Chapter 6. Summary and Conclusion
  • 6.1. The Current EU Framework
  • 6.2. The National Regimes
  • 6.3. The Elements of a European Accessory Liability
  • 6.4. European Intermediary Accessory Copyright Liability
  • 6.5. The Way Forward: Implementation into Law
  • 6.6. Closing Remarks
  • Bibliography
  • Index

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