EU non-discrimination law in the courts : approaches to sex and sexualties discrimination in EU law /
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| Author / Creator: | Mulder, Jule, author. |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | Oxford ; London : Hart Publishing, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc ; Portland, OR : Hart Publishing, 2017. |
| Description: | xxix, 314 pages ; 24 cm |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/10993036 |
Table of Contents:
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Table of Cases
- 1. Introduction
- I. Introduction
- II. Scope of the Comparison
- III. Structure of the Book
- 2. Equality and Non-Discrimination Law
- I. Introduction
- II. The Concept of Equality within the Gender Dimension
- A. The Formal Notion of Equality
- B. Substantive Equality
- C. Feminist/Queer Critical Reappraisal of Equality and Non-Discrimination
- i. The Liberal (Feminist) Approach
- ii. A Feminist Critique of the Liberal Approach and the Employment Market
- iii. Broadening the Scope: Including Sexuality
- iv. Gender Equality: The Integration of Several Perspectives and Layers
- D. Substantive Equality within the Gender Dimension
- III. EU Non-Discrimination Law
- A. The CJEU's Understanding of Sex (Gender) and Sexual Orientation
- B. Direct Discrimination
- i. Marriage
- ii. Retirement Age
- iii. Pregnancy
- C. Indirect Discrimination
- D. Can EU Non-Discrimination Law Foster Substantive Equality?
- IV. Conclusion
- 3. Non-Discrimination Law within the German and Dutch National Systems
- I. Introduction
- II. Cultural background
- A. The German 'constitutional patriotism'
- B. The Dutch 'culture of tolerance'
- III. National Legal Contexts of Non-Discrimination Law
- A. The Role of International and Constitutional Law
- i. The Primary role of the German Constitution
- ii. The Primary role of International Law within Dutch Law
- B. Equal Treatment within Labour Law
- i. The 'General Equal Treatment Principle' within German Labour Law
- ii. The 'Good Employer and Good Employee' under Dutch Law
- C. Other Legal and Constitutional Features Regarding Gender Equality
- i. The German Constitutional Protection of Marriage
- ii. The Dutch Protection from Discrimination within Criminal Law
- IV. Historical Contexts and the Implementation of Non-discrimination Law
- A. Germany
- i. Historical Background
- ii. The Implementation of the General Equal Treatment Act
- B. The Netherlands
- i. Historical Background
- ii. The Implementation of the General Equal Treatment Act
- V. The Implications of the German and Dutch (Legal) Backgrounds on the Application of EU Non-discrimination Law on a National Level
- 4. The National Courts' Recognition of the Gender Dimension within Cases on Sex and Sexual Orientation
- I. Introduction
- II. Sex (Gender) and Sexual Orientation within German Case Law
- A. The Different Treatment of Homosexual and Heterosexual Couples
- B. The Protection of Transsexuals
- C. Inconsistent Approaches towards Gender
- III. Sex (Gender) and Sexual Orientation within Dutch Case Law
- A. The Differential Treatment of Same-sex Couples
- B. Discrimination of Transsexuals and Transvestites
- C. Comprehensive Approach towards Gender?
- IV. Conclusion
- 5. The Dutch and German Approaches towards Direct Discrimination
- I. Introduction
- II. Equal Treatment in Comparable Situations
- A. Different Treatment Directly Based on Sex
- i. The German Approach
- ii. The Dutch Approach
- B. Different Treatment Based on Sexual Orientation
- i. The German Approach
- ii. The Dutch Approach
- III. Discrimination Going beyond the Comparator Approach
- A. Pregnancy
- i. The German Approach
- ii. The Dutch Approach
- B. The German Approach towards Discrimination Linked to Retirement
- IV. Conclusion
- 6. The German and Dutch Approaches towards Indirect Discrimination
- I. Introduction
- II. Indirect Discrimination and Traditional Gender Roles
- A. Part-time Workers
- i. Germany
- ii. The Netherlands
- B. Seniority and Parental leave
- i. Germany
- ii. The Netherlands
- C. Indirect Sex Discrimination
- III. The Netherlands: The Use of Statistical Evidence and the Two-tier Assessment of Detrimental Effects
- A. Demonstrating Comparative Disadvantage by Statistics
- B. Objective Justification
- C. A Step-by-Step Analysis to Discover Disparate Effects?
- IV. Indirect Discrimination and Sexual Orientation
- A. Germany: Exclusion of Same-sex Partners from Matrimonial Benefits
- B. The Netherlands: Access to In Vitro Treatment and Sperm Donations
- C. Heteronormative Regulation and Same-sex Couples
- V. Conclusion
- 7. EU Non-Discrimination Law in the Courts
- I. Introduction
- II. The Comparative Law Project
- III. Substantive Equality within the Gender Dimension
- IV. Framework for the Analysis of the Cultural Differences and their Effects on the Application of EU Non-discrimination Law
- V. The German and Dutch 'Non-discrimination Law Culture'
- VI. The Cultural Effect on the Application of Non-discrimination Law
- VII. Final Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index
