Mitochondrial replacement techniques : ethical, social, and policy considerations /

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Bibliographic Details
Imprint:	Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press, [2016]
Description:	1 online resource (1 PDF file (xvi, 184 pages)) : illustrations
Language:	English
Series:	Online access: NCBI NCBI Bookshelf. Online access: National Academy of Sciences National Academies Press.
Subject:	Reproductive technology -- Moral and ethical aspects -- United States. Reproductive technology -- Government policy -- United States. Mitochondrial DNA -- Abnormalities -- United States. Mitochondrial pathology -- United States. Medical ethics -- United States. Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy -- ethics. Mitochondrial Diseases -- prevention & control. DNA, Mitochondrial. Medical ethics. Mitochondrial DNA -- Abnormalities. Mitochondrial pathology. Reproductive technology -- Moral and ethical aspects. United States.
Format:	E-Resource Book
URL for this record:	http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/11254064

Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:	Claiborne, Anne B., editor. English, Rebecca A., editor. Kahn, Jeffrey P., editor. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on the Ethical and Social Policy Considerations of Novel Techniques for Prevention of Maternal Transmission of Mitochondrial DNA Diseases, issuing body.
ISBN:	9780309388702 0309388708 9780309388719 0309388716
Notes:	Includes bibliographical references. This activity was supported by Contract No. HHSP233201400020B/HHSP2337010 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. English. Online resource; title from PDF title page (viewed May 27, 2016).
Summary:	Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are designed to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases from mother to child. While MRTs, if effective, could satisfy a desire of women seeking to have a genetically related child without the risk of passing on mtDNA disease, the technique raises significant ethical and social issues. It would create offspring who have genetic material from two women, something never sanctioned in humans, and would create mitochondrial changes that could be heritable (in female offspring), and therefore passed on in perpetuity. The manipulation would be performed on eggs or embryos, would affect every cell of the resulting individual, and once carried out this genetic manipulation is not reversible. Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques considers the implications of manipulating mitochondrial content both in children born to women as a result of participating in these studies and in descendants of any female offspring. This study examines the ethical and social issues related to MRTs, outlines principles that would provide a framework and foundation for oversight of MRTs, and develops recommendations to inform the Food and Drug Administration's consideration of investigational new drug applications.
Other form:	Print version: Mitochondrial replacement techniques. Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press, 2016 9780309388702

Table of Contents:

Abstract
Summary
1. Introduction
Study Background and Context
Study Approach
Organization of the Report
References
2. Science and Policy Context
Introduction to Reproductive Biology and Medicine
Introduction to Mitochondrial Biology and Genetics
MtDNA Disease
MRT Research to Date
Risks Related to MRT: Scientific Complexities and Technical Unknowns and Uncertainties
Policy Context
References
3. Do Ethical, Social, and Policy Considerations Preclude MRT?
Demand for MRT
Genetic Modification of Germ Cells and the Germline
Unintended Downstream Social Implications of MRT
DNA Contribution of Two Women
Manipulation of Embryos
Concluding Discussion
References
4. Regulation and Oversight of MRT in Humans
Assessment of Benefits and Risks
Preclinical Evidence to Support MRT
Conditions for Clinical Investigations
Research in Human Oocytes and Embryos
Principles and Practices to Guide Clinical Investigations
Extension of MRT Research to Female Embryos
Informed Consent
Guiding Principles for Oversight
References
Appendixes
A. Study Approach
B. Summary of MRT Research
C. Biosketches of Committee Members

Mitochondrial replacement techniques : ethical, social, and policy considerations /

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