The human body and weightlessness : operational effects, problems and countermeasures /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:	Thornton, William, author.
Imprint:	Cham, Switzerland : Springer, 2017.
Description:	1 online resource : illustrations
Language:	English
Subject:	Weightlessness. Weightlessness. Weightlessness. Electronic book.
Format:	E-Resource Book
URL for this record:	http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/11384377

Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:	Bonato, Frederick, author.
ISBN:	9783319328294 3319328298 331932828X 9783319328287 9783319328287
Digital file characteristics:	text file PDF
Notes:	Includes bibliographical references and index. Online resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed October 24, 2017).
Summary:	This book focuses on all of the major problems associated with the absence of body weight in space, by analyzing effects, adaption, and re-adaptation upon returning to Earth, using sound scientific principles embedded in a historical context. Serious problems for space travelers range from Space Motion Sickness (SMS) to recently discovered ocular effects that may permanently impair vision. Fluid loss and shifts, spinal changes, and bone and muscle loss are also all results of weightlessness. Starting with a brief definition and history of weightlessness, the authors then address in detail each problem as well as the countermeasures aimed at alleviating them. In some cases, alternative hypotheses regarding what can and should be attempted are also presented. As plans for long-term missions to the Moon and Mars develop, it will be essential to find countermeasures to weightlessness that are effective for missions that could span years.
Other form:	Printed edition: 9783319328287
Standard no.:	10.1007/978-3-319-32829-4

Table of Contents:

Dedication
Preface and Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 1: An Introduction toÂ Weightlessness andÂ Its Effects onÂ Humans
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background
1.3 Weight andÂ Weightlessness
1.4 Weightlessness During Spaceflight
1.5 Brief History ofÂ Major Effects ofÂ Weightlessness
1.6 Space Motion Sickness
1.7 Fluid Shifts andÂ Losses
1.8 Musculoskeletal Effects
1.9 Cardiopulmonary Effects
1.10 Metabolic Effects
1.11 Neuromuscular Adaptation
1.12 Effects ofÂ Accommodation1.13 Anthropometric Accommodations
1.14 Postural Change
1.15 Other Changes
1.16 Summary ofÂ Effects
Additional Background
References
Chapter 2: Basic Mechanisms
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Species Adaptation
2.3 Somatic Adaptation
References
Chapter 3: Space Motion Sickness andÂ Vestibular Adaptation toÂ Weightlessness
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Brief History
3.3 Background
3.4 The Vestibular System andÂ Orientation
3.5 Vestibular Sensor Function andÂ Malfunction
3.6 Sensory Conflict
3.7 The Emesis (Vomiting) Center inÂ SMS3.8 Other Inhibitions inÂ SMS
3.9 MS inÂ SMS
3.10 Vestibular Angular Motion Sensors, onÂ Earth andÂ inÂ Orbit
3.11 The Emesis (Vomiting) System inÂ MS andÂ SMS
3.12 MS andÂ SMS inÂ Spaceflight
3.13 Vestibular Adaptation andÂ Resolution ofÂ SMS
3.14 Other Vestibular Effects andÂ Adaptations Inflight
3.15 Effects ofÂ Vestibular Adaptation toÂ Weightlessness onÂ Return toÂ Earth
3.16 Variability
3.17 Countermeasures, Simulations andÂ Medication
3.18 Re-adaptation toÂ 1 g
3.19 Operational Considerations3.20 Summary, Present andÂ Future
References
Glossary
Chapter 4: Fluid Shifts andÂ Loss
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Brief History
4.3 Background
4.3.1 Circulatory Essentials
4.3.2 Circulatory Control Systems
4.3.3 Examples ofÂ theÂ Systems that Control Blood Volume andÂ Pressures
4.3.4 The Human Cardiovascular System onÂ Earth
4.3.5 Fluid Shifts inÂ Weightlessness
4.3.6 Volume Changes
4.3.7 Cardiovascular Changes
4.3.8 Rationale forÂ Fluid Shift andÂ Loss
4.3.9 Reentry andÂ Egress
4.4 Countermeasures4.4.1 Control ofÂ Fluid Volume
4.4.2 Control ofÂ leg Volume
4.4.3 An Improved Countermeasure
4.4.4 Compensation forÂ Reduced Gain ofÂ Control Loops
4.4.5 Physical Rehabilitation
4.4.6 Incidence ofÂ Orthostatic Intolerance
4.5 Weightlessness Simulations inÂ 1 g
4.5.1 Water Immersion
4.5.2 Bed Rest inÂ Horizontal Position
4.5.3 Bed Rest withÂ Head Down Tilting
4.5.4 Weightlessness in Zero-g Aircraft
4.5.5 Hind Limb Unloading inÂ Rats
4.5.6 Simulation Versus Flight Results

The human body and weightlessness : operational effects, problems and countermeasures /

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