Situation selection regime at the International Criminal Court : law, policy, practice /

Situation selection regime at the International Criminal Court : law, policy, practice /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:Zakerhossein, Mohammad Hadi, author.
Imprint:Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Portland : Intersentia, [2017]
©2017
Description:1 online resource (xiii, 439 pages)
Language:English
Series:School of Human Rights Research series ; volume 82
School of Human Rights Research series ; v. 82.
Subject:
International Criminal Court -- Rules and practice.
International Criminal Court.
International criminal courts -- Rules and practice.
International criminal courts.
Electronic books.
Rules.
Format: E-Resource Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/12576472
Hidden Bibliographic Details
ISBN:9781780686189
1780686188
9781780686585
1780686587
Notes:Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--tilburg university, 2017. supervisor: prof. mr. m.s. groenhuijsen.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 413-427).
Print version record.
Summary:"The International Criminal Court (the Court) in The Hague, in fulfilling its mandate to put an end to impunity for the perpetrators of the most serious international crimes of concern to the international community as a whole, is neither able nor intended to investigate all situations of crisis across the world. Selectivity is unavoidable for the operation of this international organization. However, the authority of the Prosecutor of the Court to select and prioritize a situation over other situations is not unfettered. This book studies the situation selection regime at the International Criminal Court. In doing so, it first clarifies the notion of situation under the constituent instrument of the Court, the Rome Statute. In addition to this conceptualization, through describing the situation selection process and criteria, the Court's law, policies and practices in this regard are examined. Dealing with the misunderstanding of the Court's selectivity, this book reads the situation selection regime from the lens of expressivism. This theory justifies the selectivity in the Court's operation. The book is a resource for anyone who seeks more insight into the situation selection regime of the Court"--Back cover.
Other form:Print version: Zakerhossein, Mohammad Hadi. Situation selection regime at the International Criminal Court. Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Portland : Intersentia, [2017] 1780686188 9781780686189
Table of Contents:
  • Acknowledgment
  • Abbreviations
  • General Introduction
  • 1. Contextualization of the Problem
  • 2. Questions
  • 3. Methodology
  • 3.1. Descriptive Part
  • 3.2. Normative Part
  • 3.2.1. Functional Approach to the ICC
  • 3.2.2. In Search of a Theory for the Court
  • 3.2.3. Definition of Expressivism
  • 4. Outline
  • Part 1. Formulating the Concept of Situation in the Rome Statute Sense
  • Chapter I. Situation v. Case
  • 1. Dichotomy between Situation and Case
  • 2. Linkage between Situation and Case
  • 3. Reasons behind the Adoption of a Situation-Oriented Procedure
  • Chapter II. Defining Elements of the Notion of a Situation
  • 1. The Jurisdictional Element of a Situation
  • 2. The Contextual Element of a Situation
  • 2.1. Crisis as the Context of Situations
  • 2.2. Connection between Contextual Element of Crimes and Contextual Element of Situations
  • 2.2.1. Conerxt of War Crimes
  • 2.2.2. Context of Crimes against Humanity
  • 2.2.3. Context of Genocide
  • 2.3. Situational Contextual Element in Practice
  • 2.4. Functions of Situational Context
  • Part 2. Situation Selection Process
  • Chapter I. Trigger Mechanism
  • 1. State Referrals
  • 1.1. Making a Referral as a Right for All States Parties
  • 1.2. The Phenomenon of Self-Referral
  • 1.2.1. The Emergence of Self-Referrals
  • 1.2.2. Benefits of a Self-Referral for the Court's Prosecutor
  • 1.2.3. Self-Referrals under Criticism
  • 1.3. Specificity
  • 2. The UN Security Council Referral
  • 2.1. Legal Basic for UNSC Referrals
  • 2.2. Mutual Benefits
  • 2.3. Privileges of the Security Council Referrals
  • 2.4. Restrictions on Making a Referral by the UNSC
  • 2.5. Security Council Referrals in Practice
  • 2.5.1. Situation in Darfur, Sudan
  • 2.5.2. Situation in Libya
  • 2.5.3. Article 16 in Action
  • 1. Communications
  • 3.1. Procedural Aspects of Communications
  • 3.2. Prosecutor PROPRIO MOTU Power
  • 4. Declarations of acceptance under Article 12(3)
  • 4.1. Difference between Referrals and Declarations
  • 4.2. Declarations in Practice
  • Chapter II. Identification Stage
  • 1. Identification in the Context of Communications
  • 1.1. Forming a Situation from Communications
  • 1.2. ICC and the Situation of ISIS in Iraq and Syria
  • 1.3. The End of the Identification Stage
  • 2. Identification in the Context of Referrals
  • Chapter III. Preliminary Examination
  • 1. Time Frame
  • 2. Information in the Preliminary Examination
  • 3. Scope of Preliminary Examination
  • 4. Evidentiary Threshold
  • Chapter IV. Making a Decision on the Situation Selection
  • 1. Opening an Investigation
  • 1.1. Investigation of Referrals
  • 1.1.1. Announcement of Decision
  • 1.1.2. Article 18 Mechanism
  • 1.1.2.1. Making a Challenge under Article 18
  • 1.1.2.2. Scope of Article 18
  • 1.2. Investigation of Communications
  • 1.2.1. Judicial Authorization
  • 1.2.2. Victims' Participation
  • 1.2.2.1. Participatory Right of Victims
  • 1.2.2.1.1. The Victims' Participation Procedure
  • 1.2.2.1.2. Participation in Situational Phase
  • 1.2.3. Judicial Decision on the Prosecutor's Request
  • 2. Decision Not to Open an Investigation
  • 2.1. Rejection of Communications
  • 2.2. Rejection of Referrals
  • Part 3. Situation Selection Criteria
  • Chapter I. Jurisdiction
  • 1. The Court's Jurisdiction Basis
  • 2. The Necessity of Jurisdiction's Satisfaction
  • 3. Types of Jurisdiction
  • 3.1. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction
  • 3.2. Temporal Jurisdiction
  • 3.3. Territorial Jurisdiction
  • 3.3.1. The Priority of Territorial Jurisdiction
  • 3.3.2. The Scope of Territorial Jurisdiction
  • 3.4. Personal Jurisdiction
  • 3.4.1. The Vital Role of the Nationality Principle in Enduring Impunity
  • 3.4.2. Immunities as an Exception to the Personal jurisdiction
  • 3.4.2.1. Immunities at the ICC
  • 3.4.2.2. Cooperation Obligation and Immunities
  • 3.4.2.3. The ICC Jurisprudence on Immunities
  • Chapter II. Admissibility
  • 1. Conceptualization of Admissibility
  • 1.1. Distinction between Admissibility and Jurisdiction
  • 1.2. Admissibility and the Court's Selectivity
  • 1.3. From Situational Admissibility to Case Admissibility
  • 1.4. Components of Admissibility
  • 2. Sufficient Gravity Requirement
  • 2.1. Different Functions of Gravity in the Rome Statute
  • 2.2. Gravity as the Admissibility Threshold
  • 2.3. Difference between Situational Gravity and Case Gravity
  • 2.4. Criteria for Gravity Assessment
  • 2.4.1. Scale of crimes
  • 2.4.2. Impact of Crimes
  • 2.4.3. Nature of Crimes
  • 2.4.3.1. Thematic Prosecution
  • 2.4.3.2. Criminal Themes at the ICC
  • 2.4.3.3. Exercising Thematic Prosecution
  • 2.4.4. Manner of Crimes' Commission
  • 2.5. The Case Study of the Situation of Registered Vessel of the Comoros
  • 2.5.1. Description of the Case
  • 2.5.2. Analysis of the Situation on Registered Vessel of the Comoros
  • 2.6. Big Fish Policy in Light of Gravity
  • 3. Complementarity
  • 3.1. Theoretical Pillars of Complementarity
  • 3.2. Complementarity as Admissibility Rule
  • 3.2.1. Defining Potential Cases for the Situational Complementarity Assessment
  • 3.2.2. The Concept of Case in the Complementarity Assessment
  • 3.2.2.1. The Same Conduct Test
  • 3.2.2.1.1. The Conduct Notion at the ICC Case Law
  • 3.2.2.1.2. Narrow Interpretation of the Same Conduct Test
  • 3.2.2.1.3. Broad Interpretation of the Same Conduct Test
  • 3.2.2.1.4. Sentence-Based Approach Doctrine
  • 3.2.2.2. The Same Person Test
  • 3.2.3. Situation of a State's Inaction
  • 3.2.3.1. Arguments Supporting Establishing the Inaction Test
  • 3.2.3.2. Proofs of Being Active
  • 3.2.3.2.1. Features of Active National Proceedings
  • 3.2.3.2.2. Relevant Evidence to Prove Domestic Activity
  • 3.2.3.3. Admissibility of Self-Referrals in light of the Inaction Test
  • 3.3. Burden of Proof in the Complementarity Assessment
  • 3.4. Genuineness Requirement for the Domestic Proceedings
  • 3.5. Situation of State's Unwillingness
  • 3.5.1. Due Process Framework in Determining Unwillingness
  • 3.5.2. Shielding from Justice
  • 3.5.3. Unjustified Delay in Delivering Justice
  • 3.5.4. Impartiality and Independence of the Domestic Proceedings
  • 3.6. Situation of a State's Inability
  • 3.6.1. The situation of Collapse of National Judicial System
  • 3.6.2. Situation of unavailability of the National Judicial System
  • 3.6.2.1. Normtivity of Unavailability Test
  • 3.6.2.2. Legal Characterization: Ordinary Crimes or International Crimes
  • 4. Availablity of Situations
  • Chapter III. Interests of Justice
  • 1. Exceptionality of the Interests of Justice Requirement
  • 2. Distinction from the Admissibility Requirement
  • 3. Necessity of Examination
  • 4. A Concept without Definition
  • 5. A Victim-Oriented Notion
  • 6. A Context for the Applicability of the Interests of Justice: Justice or Peace
  • 6.1. Justice Supporters
  • 6.2. Peace Supporters
  • 6.3. The Prosecutor Status Quo
  • 6.4. Preliminary Examination as a Platform for a Plural Approach
  • 6.5. Peace as a Tool for Justice
  • 7. Decision Not to Initiate an Investigation
  • 8. A Missing Monitoring System
  • Part 4. Situation Selection in Light of Expressivism
  • Chapter I. Conceptualization of Expressivism in the Context of the ICC
  • 1. Expressivism and its Beneficial Effects on Victims
  • 1.1. The Emergence of the Victims' Rights in the ICC
  • 1.2. Court's Messages for Victims
  • 2. Expressivism Fosters the Positive Complementarity
  • 2.1. Definition of Positive Complementarity
  • 2.2. Materializing Positive Complementarity
  • 2.2.1. Encouragement
  • 2.2.2. Reverse Cooperation
  • Chapter II. Implications of Expressivism on the Situation Selection
  • 1. Selection of a Situation for Conducting Preliminary Examination as a Platform to Serve Victims
  • 2. Lenient Complementarity Assessment
  • Conclusion
  • 1. 'Situation' as a Concept with an Ambiguous Definition
  • 2. Identifiction Stage: The Missing Phase at the ICC Architecture
  • 3. Selecting a Situation for Highlighting a Forgotten Criminal Theme
  • 4. Complementarity as Rule and Complementarity as Principle
  • 5. No Harm to Victims Principle
  • 6. A Need for Extending Judicial Review of the Prosecutor's Decisions
  • 7. An Expressive Situation Selection
  • 8. Implications of Designing an Expressive Situation Selection Regime
  • 9. To conclude
  • Bibliography
  • ICC Case Tables
  • OTP Documents
  • About the Author

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