How to read a paper : the basics of evidence-based medicine and healthcare /
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| Author / Creator: | Greenhalgh, Trisha, author. |
|---|---|
| Edition: | Sixth edition. |
| Imprint: | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2019. |
| Description: | xix, 262 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/12724115 |
Table of Contents:
- Foreword to the first edition
- Preface to the sixth edition
- Preface to the first edition
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 1. Why read papers at all?
- Does 'evidence-based medicine' simply mean 'reading papers in medical journals'?
- Why do people sometimes groan when you mention evidence-based healthcare?
- Before you start: formulate the problem
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 2. Searching the literature
- What are you looking for?
- Levels upon levels of evidence
- Synthesised sources: systems, summaries and syntheses
- Pre-appraised sources: synopses of systematic reviews and primary studies
- Specialised resources
- Primary studies - tackling the jungle
- One-stop shopping: federated search engines
- Asking for help and asking around
- Online tutorials for effective searching
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 3. Getting your bearings: what is this paper about?
- The science of 'trashing' papers
- Three preliminary questions to get your bearings
- Randomised controlled trials
- Cohort studies
- Case-control studies
- Cross-sectional surveys
- Case reports
- The traditional hierarchy of evidence
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 4. Assessing methodological quality
- Was the study original?
- Whom is the study about?
- Was the design of the study sensible?
- Was bias avoided or minimised?
- Was assessment 'blind'?
- Were preliminary statistical questions addressed?
- A note on ethical considerations
- Summing up
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 5. Statistics for the non-statistician
- How can non-statisticians evaluate statistical tests?
- Have the authors set the scene correctly?
- Paired data, tails and outliers
- Correlation, regression and causation
- Probability and confidence
- The bottom line
- Summary
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 6. Papers that report trials of drug treatments and other simple interventions
- 'Evidence' and marketing
- Making decisions about therapy
- Surrogate endpoints
- What information to expect in a paper describing a randomised controlled trial: the CONSORT statement
- Getting worthwhile evidence from pharmaceutical representatives
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 7. Papers that report trials of complex interventions
- Complex interventions
- Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a complex intervention
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 8. Papers that report diagnostic or screening tests
- Ten men in the dock
- Validating diagnostic tests against a gold standard
- Ten questions to ask about a paper that claims to validate a diagnostic or screening test
- Likelihood ratios
- Clinical prediction rules
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 9. Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses)
- When is a review systematic?
- Evaluating systematic reviews
- Meta-analysis for the non-statistician
- Explaining heterogeneity
- New approaches to systematic review
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 10. Papers that tell you what to do (guidelines)
- The great guidelines debate
- Ten questions to ask about a clinical guideline
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 11. Papers that tell you what things cost (economic analyses)
- What is economic analysis?
- Measuring the costs and benefits of health interventions
- A note on 'Choosing Wisely'
- Ten questions to ask about an economic analysis
- Conclusions
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 12. Papers that go beyond numbers (qualitative research)
- What is qualitative research?
- Ten questions to ask about a qualitative research paper
- Conclusions
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 13. Papers that report questionnaire research
- The rise and rise of questionnaire research
- Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a questionnaire study
- Conclusions
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 14. Papers that report quality improvement case studies
- What are quality improvement studies, and how should we research them?
- Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a quality improvement initiative
- Conclusions
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 15. Papers that describe genetic association studies
- The three eras of human genetic studies (so far)
- What is a genome-wide association study (GWAS)?
- Clinical applications of GWAS
- Direct-to-consumer genetic testing
- Mendelian randomisation studies
- Epigenetics - a space to watch
- Ten questions to ask about a genetic association study
- Conclusions
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 16. Applying evidence with patients
- The patient perspective
- Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)
- Shared decision-making
- Option grids
- N of 1 trials and other individualised approaches
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Chapter 17. Criticisms of evidence-based healthcare
- What's wrong with EBHC when it's done badly?
- What's wrong with EBHC when it's done well?
- Why is 'evidence-based policymaking' so hard to achieve?
- Exercises based on this chapter
- References
- Appendix 1. Checklists for finding, appraising and implementing evidence
- Appendix 2. Assessing the effects of an intervention
- Index
