Psychophysiology : human behavior and physiological response /
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| Author / Creator: | Andreassi, John L. |
|---|---|
| Edition: | 2nd ed. |
| Imprint: | Hillsdale, N.J. : L. Erlbaum Associates, 1989. |
| Description: | xvi, 472 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/1558785 |
Table of Contents:
- Preface
- 1. Intrroduction to Psychophysiology
- Definitions of Psychophysiology
- Activities and Subject Matter
- Historical Development of Psychophysiology
- Contemporary Psychophysiology
- Applications of Psychophysiology
- Importance of Brain Measures
- Physiological Measures in Relation to the Nervous System
- Aims and Organization of This Book
- 2. The Nervous System and Measurement of Its Activity
- Source of the Brain's Electrical Activity
- The Neuron
- Excitation of Neurons
- Neurotransmitters
- Neuron Potentials
- The Action Potential of the Neuron
- Gross Brain Anatomy
- The Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- Alpha Waves
- Beta Waves
- Delta Waves
- Theta Waves
- Kappa Waves
- Lambda Waves
- Mu Waves
- Gamma Waves
- Measurement of the EEG
- Electrode Location (Monopolar)
- Electrode Attachment
- Electrode Placement (Bipolar)
- Neuroimaging Techniques
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
- Biomagnetism and the Magnetoencephalogram (MEG)
- Neuromagnetism: The MEG and Magneto Evoked Field (MEF)
- The Peripheral Nervous System
- The Somatic System
- The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
- Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)
- 3. The EEG and Behavior: Motor and Mental Activities
- Motor Performance and the EEG
- Reaction Time and EEG
- Visuomotor Performance
- EEG Patterning
- EEG and Mental Activity
- EEG and Intelligence (The Search for a Culture-Free Test)
- EEG Period
- EEG Spectral Analysis
- EEG Coherence
- EEG Complexity
- EEG Alpha Power
- EEG in Memory and Recall
- Gamma Wave Activity
- Event-Related Desynchronization
- Hemispheric Asymmetries in the EEG
- Behavioral Studies Showing Asymmetries
- EEG Studies Showing Asymmetries
- EEG Asymmetries in Emotional Expression of Infants
- EEG Asymmetries in Emotional Expression of Adults
- EEG, Hypnosis, Imagery, and Meditation
- 4. The EEG and Behavior: Sensation, Attention, Perception, Conditioning and Sleep
- Sensation, Attention, Perception, and the EEG
- Sensation and the EEG
- Stimulus Complexity
- Stimulus Thresholds
- Odor Stimulation and EEG Pattern
- Attention and the EEG
- Attention
- Vigilance and Signal Detection
- Perception and the EEG
- Perceptual Structuring
- Ambiguous Figures
- Conditioning of the EEG
- Classical Conditioning of the EEG
- Operant Conditioning of the EEG
- Expectancies and Noncontingent Stimuli
- Sleep and the EEG
- The Nature of Sleep EEG
- EEG and Dreaming
- Depth of Sleep and Capacity to Respond
- Dreaming and REM Sleep
- Learning During Sleep
- Effects of Work Schedule and Exercise on Sleep EEG
- Work Schedule
- Exercise
- Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Onset
- Sleep Deprivation
- Sleep Onset
- 5. Event-Related Brain Potentials and Behavior I: Measurement, Motor Activity, Hemispheric Asymmetries, and Sleep
- Origin of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)
- Brain-Stem or Far Field Potentials
- Sensory ERPs
- Motor Potentials
- Long-Latency Potentials
- Steady Potential Shifts (Contingent Negative Variation and Readiness Potential)
- Method for Obtaining ERPs
- Quantification of ERPs
- ERPs and Behavior
- ERPs and Motor Performance
- Reaction Time
- Bisensory Stimulation
- Motor Activity and the ERP
- Active and Passive Motor Potentials
- Finger Versus Foot Motor Potentials
- MP--Visual ERP Interactions
- Hemispheric Asymmetries in ERPs
- Asymmetries with Visual Stimulation
- ERPs and Interhemispheric Transfer Time (IHTT)
- The Importance of Central Fixation in Visual ERP Asymmetry Research
- Facial and Emotional Stimuli
- Asymmetries with Auditory Stimulation
- Sounds
- Words
- Asymmetries and Cognitive Functions
- Intelligence
- Verbal and Spatial Tasks
- Evaluative Categorizations
- The ERP and Sleep
- 6. Event-Related Brain Potentials and Behavior II: Mental, Sensory, Attentional, and Perceptual Activities
- Event-Related Potentials and Mental Activity
- ERPs and Intelligence
- The ERP as a Culture-free Measure of Intelligence?
- The Neural Efficiency Hypothesis
- The String Hypothesis
- P300 and Intelligence
- ERPs and Stimulus Meaning
- ERPs and Linguistic Processes
- Noun and Verb
- Words and Sounds
- The P300 System
- N400 and Semantic Mismatch
- Open- and Closed-Class Words
- Conditioning and ERPs
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
- Sensation, Attention, Perception, and ERPs
- Sensation and ERPs
- Smell
- Taste
- Touch and Pain
- Acceleration
- Attention and ERPs
- Selectivity in Attention
- Mismatch Negativity
- Intermodal and Intramodal Selective Attention
- Resource Allocation
- Perception and ERPs
- Shape
- Pattern Size
- Blurring and Pattern Perception
- Upper and Lower Visual Fields
- Perceptual Discrimination and P300
- Pattern Recognition and NA
- Corners
- Orientation of Figures
- Visual Masking
- Color
- Motion
- 7. Event-Related Slow Brain Potentials and Behavior
- The Contingent Negative Variation (CNV)
- CNV and Reaction Time
- CNV and Distraction--Attention
- CNV and Effort
- Stimulus Modality and the CNV
- Other CNV Phenomena
- Postimperative Negative Variation (PINV)
- S1 Frequency
- Sexual Preference
- Missing Stimuli
- CNV and Working Memory
- The Readiness Potential (RP), or Bereitshaftspotential
- Distinctions Between CNV and RP
- Psychological Influences on the RP
- The RP in Simple and Complex Movements
- Spontaneous and Planned Movements
- RP and Site of Body Response
- Maturational Influences on the RP
- The P300 or P3 Potential
- Number of Trials for P300
- Decision Making, Decision Confidence, and P300
- The P300 and Probability of Stimulus Occurrence
- Selective Attention and P300
- Stimulus Set and Response Set
- The N1 and Nd Components
- The P3a and P3b
- Modality Effects
- Heredity and Age Effects
- P300 and the Orienting Response (OR)
- Habituation of P300
- P300 and Detection and Discrimination of Stimuli
- Stimulus Detection
- P300 to Omitted Stimuli
- Discrimination of Stimuli
- P300 and Memory
- The Sternberg Task
- Digit Span
- The von Restorff Effect
- Recognition Memory
- Concepts and Models of P300
- Relationship Between CNV and P300
- 8. Muscle Activity and Behavior
- The Control of Motor Behavior
- Anatomy and Physiology of Muscles
- Skeletal Muscle
- Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction
- The Motor Unit
- Muscular Contraction at the Molecular Level
- Muscle Fatigue
- Muscular Hypertrophy
- The Measurement of Muscle Activity
- Electromyography (EMG)
- General Properties of the EMG
- Muscular Effort and the EMG
- The EMG Waveform
- Electrode Placement for EMG Recording
- Specific Electrode Placements
- Recording the EMG
- The EMG and Behavior
- Motor Performance and the EMG
- EMG and Reaction Time
- EMG and Tracking
- EMG and Speech
- Muscular Fatigue and Performance
- EMG and Mental Activity
- Conditioning of the EMG
- Operant Conditioning
- Classical Conditioning
- EMG During Sleep
- EMG and Probability of Successful Performance
- EMG Gradients and Motivated Performance
- Facial Expression of Emotion and the EMG
- The Early Work
- Contemporary Studies Using Facial EMG
- Is Emotional Contagion Indicated by Facial EMG?
- Facial EMG in Emotionally Charged Imagery and Visual Displays
- Do People Mimic the Emotional Expression of Others?
- Facial EMG and Anger In and Out
- 9. Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and Behavior
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin
- Types and Distribution of Sweat Glands
- Nervous System Control of EDA
- Functions of the Skin and Sweating
- Types of Electrodermal Activity
- Skin Conductance
- Skin Potential
- Origin of EDA
- The Measurement of EDA
- Skin Conductance Level (SCL)
- Skin Potential
- Electrodes for Recording EDA
- Analysis of EDA Data
- Electrodermal Phenomena and Behavior
- Reaction Time
- Level of Arousal
- Fixed and Variable Signal Schedules
- High NS-SCRs (Labiles) and Low NS-SCRs (Stabiles)
- Mental Activity and Electrodermal Phenomena
- Learning and Memory
- Arousal
- Habituation
- Positive and Negative Affect and EDA
- Music and Imagery
- Observed Violence
- Erotic Stimuli
- Emotional Expression
- Mother-Infant Interaction
- Motivation and SCR Recovery Time
- Signal Detection and EDA
- Vigilance
- Recognition of Faces
- Unconscious Recognition?
- The Orienting Response and EDA
- Neuronal Model
- Stimulus Distance and Change
- Habituation
- Role of Stimulus Significance
- Information-Processing Model
- Stimulus Omissions
- Alcohol Effects
- Conditioning of EDA
- Classical Conditioning of EDA
- Affective Value of the CS
- Phobias
- Unconditioned Response Probability (URP) and CS-UCS Interval
- Instrumental Conditioning of EDA
- 10. Pupillary Response and Behavior
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Pupillary Response
- Measurement of Pupillary Size
- Fatigue and Pupil Size
- Pupillometry and Behavior
- Affective Value of Stimuli and Pupil Size
- Interest Value of Stimuli
- Response to Pain
- Sexual Arousal or Novelty?
- Pupil Size and Nonverbal Communication
- Pupil Size and Mental Activity
- Short-Term Memory
- Language Processing
- Perception
- Task Difficulty
- Stimulus Probability
- Affective Words
- Negative Affect
- Attitudes
- Information Processing, Learning, and Pupil Size
- Information Processing
- Learning
- Pupillometry in Schizophrenia
- 11. Eye Movements, Eye Blinks, and Behavior
- Eye Movements (EOG)
- The Control of Eye Movements
- The Nature of Eye Blinks
- Recording Eye Movements and Eye Blinks
- Problems in EOG Recordings
- Preparation of Electrodes and Subject
- Eye Movements and Behavior
- Mental Activity and Eye Movements
- Eye Movements and Learning
- Eye Movements, Problem Solving, and Laterality
- Problem Solving
- Hemispheric Dominance and Eye Movement
- Eye Movements and Reading
- Reading Efficiency
- Reading Disabilities and Eye Movements
- Eye Movements and Psychopathology
- Schizophrenia
- Manic Depression
- Eye Movements and Perception
- Scan Paths
- Pictoral Information
- Eye Movements and Illusions
- Muller-Lyer Illusion
- Rebound Illusion
- The Eye Blink (EB) in Cognition, Information Processing, and Stress
- Cognitive Activity and Eye Blinks
- Information Processing
- Stress
- The Eyeblink Component of the Startle Response in Attention, Emotion, and Clinical Research
- Eyeblink and the Startle Response
- Inhibition of the EB Startle Response
- Attentional Processing with Short and Long Lead Intervals
- Allocation of Attentional Resources
- The EB Component of the Startle Response in Emotion
- Emotional Valence and Physiological Arousal
- Positive and Negative Sensory Experience
- The EB Component of Startle in Clinical Research
- 12. Heart Activity and Behavior I: Developmental Factors, Motor and Mental Activities, Perception, Attention, and Orienting Responses
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart
- Heart Structures Involved in Blood Circulation
- Control of the Heartbeat (Cardiac Cycle)
- Internal Cardiac Control
- External Cardiac Control
- Carotid Sinus Reflex
- Measurement of Heart Activity (Electrocardiogram or ECG)
- Wave Component Durations
- Limb Leads for Recording the ECG
- Amplitude and Recording Characteristics of the ECG
- Measures in Research
- Impedance Cardiography
- Electrodes in ECG Recordings
- Heart Activity and Behavior
- Developmental Factors
- Attention and Heart Rate (HR)
- Emotional Reactions in Children
- Performance and Heart Activity
- Reaction Time
- Complex Motor Performance and Heart Activity
- Heart Activity and Mental Performance
- Verbal Learning
- Problem Solving
- Imagery and Meditation
- Heart Activity and Perception
- Perceptual Thresholds
- Heart Activity, Attention, and the Orienting Response
- 13. Heart Activity and Behavior II: Stress, Emotions, Motivation, Personality, Social Factors, Brain Interactions, and Conditioning
- Heart Rate and Affective Processes
- Stress
- Emotional Response
- Patterns of Emotional Response
- Detection of Physiological Changes in Emotion
- Influence of Physiological Response on Felt Emotion
- Frustration and Fear
- Motivation
- Incentive and Competition Effects
- Cardiovascular Reactivity (CVR), Personality, and Social Factors
- Cardiovascular Reactivity
- Personality
- Parental History of Hypertension as a Factor
- Hostility and Cardiovascular Reactivity
- Social Factors
- Social Support and Coping
- Social Context
- Cognitive Dissonance
- Interactions Between Heart and Brain Activity
- Sensitivity to Signals
- Hemispheric Differences in Brain-Heart Interactions
- The CNV and Heart Activity
- Conditioning of Heart Activity
- Classical Conditioning
- Instrumental Conditioning
- 14. Blood Pressure, Blood Volume, and Behavior
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Blood Vessels
- Innervation of Blood Vessels
- Regulation of Blood Pressure
- Regulation of Blood Volume
- Measurement of Blood Pressure
- Measurement of Blood Volume
- Blood Pressure and Behavior
- Mental Activity and Blood Pressure
- Mental Load and Problem Solving
- Meditation
- Emotional Reactions, Stress, and Blood Pressure
- Frustration and Aggression
- Emotional Imagery
- Naturalistic Stress
- Job Strain
- Active and Passive Coping in Cardiovascular Reactivity to Stress
- Social-Environmental Factors and Blood Pressure
- Social Communication
- Effects of Sociotropy
- Crowding
- Pets
- Social Support
- Competition, Auditory Stimulation, and Fitness
- Competition
- Auditory Stimulation
- Aerobic Fitness
- Personality Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
- Type A and B Personality Patterns
- Children and Teens
- Type A and B Women
- Cardiovascular Reactivity, Hostility, and Anger
- Heredity as a Factor in Cardiovascular Reactivity
- Conditioning of Blood Pressure
- Blood Volume and Behavior
- Blood Volume and Sexual Response
- Blood Volume and the Orienting Response
- Conditioning of Blood Volume
- 15. Applied Psychophysiology I: Detection of Deception, Vigilance, Job Design, and Workload
- Detection of Deception
- Historical Background
- Laboratory Studies in the Detection of Deception
- The Use of "Countermeasures" in Detection of Deception
- The P300 Component of the ERP in Detecting Deception
- Physiological Correlates of Vigilance and Workload
- Vigilance
- Psychophysiology in Ergonomics
- Job Strain
- Personnel Applications
- Job Satisfaction and Design
- Job Workload
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Personnel
- 16. Applied Psychophysiology II: Auditory and Visual System Tests, Nervous System Disorders, and Behavior Disorders
- Clinical Applications of Physiological Measures
- Auditory System Tests
- The Brain Stem Potential
- Visual System Tests
- Visual ERPs and Visual System Defects
- Developmental Visual ERPs
- Visual ERPs in Down's Syndrome Infants
- The N400 in Dyslexia
- EEG and ERP in the Evaluation of Nervous System Disorders
- The EEG in Epilepsy and Other Abnormalities
- The ERP in "Brain Death"
- Brain Stem Potential Recordings in Neurological Diagnoses
- ERPs in Clinical Neurology
- Multiple Sclerosis
- CNS Degenerative Disease
- Huntington's Chorea
- Parkinson's Disease
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Physiological Responses and Behavioral Disorders
- Brain ERPs and Psychiatric Diagnosis
- Psychopathy
- Electrodermal Activity and Behavioral Disorders
- Cardiovascular Activity and Behavioral Disorders
- Panic Disorder
- Attention Deficity Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Depression
- Psychopathy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Eye Movements and Neurological Disease
- 17. Clinical Applications of Biofeedback
- An Example of a Biofeedback Training (BFT) Situation
- The Electromyogram (EMG) in Biofeedback Applications
- EMG and Tension Headache
- EMG Feedback and Stuttering
- EMG Feedback in Neuromuscular Disorder
- EMG Feedback and Anxiety
- EMG Feedback and Asthma
- EMG Feedback and Hyperactivity
- The Electroencephalogram (EEG) in Biofeedback Applications
- EEG Biofeedback and Epilepsy
- EEG Biofeedback and Attention Deficity Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Blood Pressure and BFT Applications
- Application to Hypertension
- Application of Electrodermal Activity (EDA)
- Hypertension
- Application of Skin Temperature BFT
- Skin Temperature BFT and Raynaud's Disease
- Skin Temperature BFT and Hypertension
- Skin Temperature BFT and Migraine
- Blood Volume BFT and Migraine
- Overall Conclusions Regarding Clinical Applications of BFT
- Psychoneuroimmunology (Brain, Behavior, and Immunity)
- The Immune System
- Brain and Immunity
- Situational Stress and Immune Function
- Effects of Relaxation on Immune Function
- 18. Concepts in Psychophysiology
- The Law of Initial Values
- Autonomic Balance
- Activation
- Stimulus-Response (SR) Specificity
- Individual-Response (IR) Specificity
- Cardiac-Somatic Concept
- Concepts and Social Psychophysiology
- Habituation and Rebound
- Orienting and Defensive Responses
- Conceptualizations Concerning Event-Related Potentials
- 19. Environmental Psychophysiology
- Internal and External Environmental Factors and the Electroencephalogram
- Drugs
- LSD
- Marijuana
- Nicotine
- Heroin and Methadone
- Alcohol
- Hormones
- Oxygen
- Radiation
- Caffeine
- Effects of Environmental Factors on Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)
- Drugs
- Tranquilizers and Bartiturates
- Effects of Marijuana on the ERP
- Alcohol
- Nicotine
- Neurotoxic Substances
- Effects of Hormones on the ERP
- Environmental Factors and the Electromyogram (EMG)
- Drugs
- Exercise
- Environmental Factors and Electrodermal Activity
- Hormones and Drugs
- Alcohol
- Environmental Factors, Pupil Size, and Eye Movements
- Effects of Drugs on Pupil Size
- Effects of Drugs on Eye Movements
- Environmental Factors and Heart Activity
- Drugs
- Nicotine
- Marijuana
- Cocaine
- Caffeine
- Environmental Factors and Blood Pressure
- Drugs
- Caffeine, Alcohol, and Nicotine
- Exercise and Blood Pressure
- Hormones
- Appendix. Laboratory Safety
- Protection Against Electric Shock
- Methods of Accident Prevention
- Grounding
- Use of Low Voltage
- Isolation of Subject-Connected Parts
- Ground-Fault Interrupter
- Do's and Dont's
- Do's
- Dont's
- Additional Safety
- Reducing Risk of Disease Transmission
- Infectious Diseases
- Risk Factors in Psychophysiological Research
- Low Risk
- Moderate Risk
- High Risk
- Risk Reduction Procedures
- Wearing Sterile Gloves
- Skin Preparation
- Electrode Preparation
- Subject Index
