Intercultural communication : a discourse approach /
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| Author / Creator: | Scollon, Ronald, 1939- |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | Oxford, UK ; Cambridge, Mass. : Blackwell, 1995. |
| Description: | xiii, 271 p. ; 24 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Series: | Language in society 21 Language in society (Oxford, England) 21 |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/1749699 |
Table of Contents:
- List of Figures
- Series Editor's Preface
- Preface to the First Edition
- Preface to the Second Edition
- 1. What is a Discourse Approach?
- The Topic
- Professional communication
- Interdiscourse communication
- Discourse
- The Limits of Language
- Language is ambiguous by nature
- We must draw inferences about meaning
- Our inferences tend to be fixed, not tenative
- Our inferences are drawn very quickly
- What this Book is Not
- Language, discourse, and non-verbal communication
- Methodology
- Four processes of ethnography
- Four types of data in ethnographic research
- Interactional sociolinguistics and critical discourse analysis
- What is Successful Interdiscourse Professional Communication?
- Expecting things to go wrong
- Two Approaches to Interdiscourse Professional Communication
- Increasing shared knowledge
- Dealing with miscommunication
- 2. How, When, and Where to Do Things with Language
- Sentence Meaning and Speaker's Meaning
- Speech Acts, Speech Events, and Speech Situations
- Grammar of Context
- Seven Main Components for a Grammar of Context
- Scene
- Key
- Participants
- Message form
- Sequence
- Co-occurrence patterns, marked and unmarked
- Manifestation
- 3. Interpersonal Politeness and Power
- Communicative Style or Register
- Face
- The "Self" as a Communicative Identity
- The Paradox of Face: Involvement and Independence
- Politeness Strategies of Involvement and Independence
- Linguistic strategies of involvement: some examples
- Linguistic strategies of independence: some examples
- Politeness (or Face) Systems
- Power (+P, -P)
- Distance (+D, -D)
- Weight of imposition (+W, -W)
- Three Politeness Systems: Deference, Solidarity, and Hierarchy
- Deference politeness system (-P, +D)
- Solidarity politeness system (-P, -D)
- Hierarchical politeness system (+P, +/-D)
- Miscommunication
- 4. Conversational Inference: Interpretation in Spoken Discourse
- How Do We Understand Discourse?
- Cohesive Devices: Lexical and Grammatical
- Reference
- Verb forms
- Conjunction
- The causal conjunction "because"
- Cognitive Schemata or Scripts
- World knowledge
- Adjacency sequences
- Prosodic Patterning: Intonation and Timing
- Intonation
- Timing
- Metacommunication
- Non-sequential processing
- Interactive Intelligence
- 5. Topic and Face: Inductive and Deductive Patterns in Discourse
- What Are You Talking About?
- Topic, Turn Exchange, and Timing
- The call-answer-topic adjacency sequence
- The call
- The answer
- The introduction of the caller's topic
- Deductive Monologues
- The Inductive Pattern
- Inside and outside encounters
- Hierarchical Confucian relationships and topic introduction
- The false east-west dichotomy
- Face: Inductive and Deductive Rhetorical Strategies
- Topics and Face Systems
- Face Relationships in Written Discourse
- Essays and press releases
- The press release: implied writers and implied readers
- The essay: a deductive structure
- Limiting Ambiguity: Power in Discourse
- 6. Ideologies of Discourse
- Three Concepts of Discourse
- The Utilitarian Discourse System
- Ideology of the Utilitarian discourse system
- The Enlightenment: reason and freedom
- Kant's view of the "public" writer
- Bentham and Mill's Utilitarianism
- Socialization in the Utilitarian discourse system
- Forms of discourse in the Utilitarian discourse system
- The Panopticon of Bentham
- Face systems in the Utilitarian discourse system
- Internal face systems: liberte, egalite, fraternite
- Multiple Discourse Systems
- 7. What is Culture? Intercultural Communication and Stereotyping
- How Do We Define "Culture"?
- Culture and Discourse Systems
- Ideology
- Face systems
- Forms of discourse
- Socialization
- Cultural Ideology and Stereotyping
- Negative Stereotypes
- Positive Stereotypes, the Lumping Fallacy, and the Solidarity Fallacy
- Differences Which Make a Difference: Discourse Systems
- 8. Corporate Discourse
- Discourse Systems
- Voluntary and involuntary discourse systems
- Five Characteristic Discourse Systems
- An Outline Guide to the Study of Discourse Systems
- The Corporate Discourse System (Corporate Culture)
- Ideology
- Socialization
- Forms of discourse
- Face systems
- The size and scope of corporate discourse systems
- 9. Professional Discourse
- The Professional Discourse System (ESL Teachers)
- Ideology
- Socialization
- Forms of discourse
- Face systems
- Other professional discourse systems
- 10. Generational Discourse
- Involuntary Discourse Systems
- The ideologies of American individualism
- Four generations of Americans
- The shifting ground of American individualism
- Asian Generational Discourse Systems
- Communication Between Generations
- 11. Gender Discourse
- Intergender Discourse
- Directness or indirectness?
- Different interpretive frames
- The origin of difference: ideology and paradox
- The maintenance of difference: socialization
- Messages and metamessages: forms of discourse
- The struggle for equality, the struggle for power
- Further Research on Gender Discourse Systems
- Discourse Systems and the Individual
- Intersystem Communication
- 12. Using a Discourse Approach to Intercultural Communication
- The Theoretical Framework
- Principle One
- Principle Two
- Principle Three
- From System to Action
- Projects in Intercultural Communication
- Methodology and Use
- Focus on a task, action, or practice
- Use the "Grammar of Context" as a preliminary ethnographic audit
- Use the "Outline Guide" to pin down the relevant discourse systems
- Change in Action or Interpretation?
- References
- The Research Base
- References for Further Study
- Index