The mind within the net : models of learning, thinking, and acting /
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| Author / Creator: | Spitzer, Manfred. |
|---|---|
| Uniform title: | Geist im Netz. English |
| Imprint: | Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press, c1999. |
| Description: | xiv, 359 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/3723838 |
Table of Contents:
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1. Introduction
- History
- Neural Networks In Intensive-Care Units
- Enlightenment!
- Brains Versus Computers
- Speed
- Reliability
- Architecture
- Recap
- I. Basics
- 2. Neuronal Teamwork
- Neurons as Information-Processing Units
- A Simple Network for Pattern Recognition
- Shared Labor by Parallel Processing
- Language Acquisition by Children and Networks
- Computer Simulations of Higher Cognitive Functions
- DECtalk versus NETtalk
- Beethoven, Karajan, Sony, and the Human Genome
- Recap
- 3. Learning
- Association and Hebbian Learning
- Learning Synapses
- Excursus: Glutamate and the 1992 Molecule of the Year
- Supervised Learning
- Age and the Learning Constant
- Reality as the Basic Set and Experience as a Part Subset
- The Accuracy Of A Prediction Increases With The Square Root Of The Number Of Observations
- Why Children Play
- Practice, Don't Preach
- Computer Models And Biological Neurons
- Shape From Shading
- Recap
- 4. Vectors in the Head
- Vectors
- Codes
- Symbols versus Vectors
- Colors as Vectors
- Codes as Optimization Strategies
- Vector Populations and the Population Vector
- Observing Neurons During Learning
- Recap
- II. Principles
- 5. Maps in the Cortex
- Anatomy of the Cortex
- Isocortex--The General Purpose Machine
- Columns of Information Processing
- Self-Organizing Feature Maps
- Example: A Simulated Network for Letter Recognition
- Similarity and Frequency
- Receptive Fields
- Cortical Topography
- Biological Example: The Auditory Cortex of the Bat
- Networks of Maps: Modularity
- Recap
- 6. Hidden Layers The Exclusive-Or
- Abstraction and Type Formation
- Learning by the Feedback of Errors
- Hidden Layers in the Brain
- Cortico-Cortical Connections
- Analysis and Synthesis
- Ping-Pong Style Information Processing
- Autism
- Brains as Engines for the Estimation of Functions
- Recap
- 7. Neuroplasticity
- Artificial Ears
- Hearing, Too, Depends on Context
- Rewiring Maps
- Animal Studies on Neuroplasticity
- Importance of the Input
- Selective Attention
- The Higher the Level, the More Adaptive the Area
- Phantoms and Amputated Networks
- Subjective Experience
- Cortical-Phantom Genesis
- Peripheral Phantom Genesis
- Simulating Phantoms by Amputating Networks
- Noise
- Noise and Neuroplasticity
- Turning a Conundrum into a Parsimonious Theory
- The Cortex Plays the First Violin
- Therapeutic Application: Plastic Understanding of Spoken Language
- Neuroplasticity and Thought
- Recap
- 8. Feedback
- Connectivity Across the Board: Hopfield Networks
- Attractors
- Auditory Hallucinations
- Elman Networks
- Working Memory
- Development of the Frontal Lobes
- Interaction of Brain Development and Learning
- Pidgin and Creole Languages
- Recap
- III. Applications
- 9. Representing Knowledge
- Static Rules versus Dynamic Processes
- Piaget and Stages of Development
- Memory
- Living without the Hippocampus
- Memory in the Network
- Single Events versus Generality
- Catastrophic Interference
- Race Against Decay
- The Hippocampus as the Trainer of the Cortex
- A Neural Network Model of Alzheimer's Disease
- Recap
- 10. Semantic Networks
- Understanding and Speaking
- Associations: What Comes to Mind, and Why
- Rhymes, Fatigue, and Attention
- Associative Networks
- Self-Organizing Semantic Networks
- Language Is Used
- Semantic Maps in the Head
- Missing Vegetables Only
- Category-Specific Activation in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Measuring Associations within Networks
- Recap
- Postscript on Aschaffenburg and Jung or, Whether Rhyming Is Priming Depends upon Timing
- 11. The Disordered Mind
- The Birth of Schizophrenia
- Madness and Craziness
- Dysfunctional Lexical Access
- Indirect Associations
- What Pauses during Speech Reveal about Thoughts
- Remote Ideas
- Dopamine, Neuromodulation, Signal, and Noise
- Neuromodulation
- Noise: Not a Bug, but a Feature
- Formal Thought Disorder as the Result of Decreased Signal-to-Noise
- Intermediate Result
- Meaning Electrified: EEG and Semantics
- Associative and Working Memory
- Metaphors and Concretism
- Delusions
- Acute Delusions and Neuromodulation
- Chronic Delusions and Neuroplasticity
- Recap
- 12. Thoughts and Impressions
- Back to the Basics: What Are Models?
- Principles
- Realistic and
- Abstract Models
- Models in Medicine
- Computational Models of Emotions?
- The Depression Spiral
- Temperament, Character, and Personality
- What Is Good for Children
- Stability and Teddy Bear
- Psychotherapy
- User's Manual for Your Brain
- Glossary
- References
- Index
