Opportunistic intracellular bacteria and immunity /
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| Imprint: | New York : Plenum Press, c1999. |
|---|---|
| Description: | xxvi, 302 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Series: | Infectious agents and pathogenesis. |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | E-Resource Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/3788766 |
Table of Contents:
- Introduction and Perspectives
- 1.. Immune Defenses against Intracellular Bacterial Infections
- 1.. Host Invasion by Intracellular Bacteria
- 2.. Nonspecific Response to Intracellular Bacterial Infections
- 2.1.. Inflammatory Response
- 2.2.. Neutrophils
- 2.3.. Mononuclear Phagocytes
- 2.4.. Genetic Control of Nonspecific Resistance
- 3.. Specific Immune Response to Intracellular Bacterial Infections
- 3.1.. Role of T Cells in the Immune Response to Intracellular Bacteria
- 3.2.. T-Cell Traffic
- 3.3.. T-Cell Subsets
- 3.4.. Target Antigens of the T-Cell Response
- 3.5.. Role of the MHC in the Genetic Control of Resistance to Intracellular Bacteria
- 3.6.. Role of Antibodies
- 4.. Conclusions
- References
- 2.. Genetic Regulation of Host Responses to Salmonella typhimurium
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. Description of the Pathogen
- 3.. Recognized Host Susceptibility Factors
- 4.. Overview of Experimental Infection
- 5.. Description of Individual Host Resistance Loci
- 5.1.. Ity
- 5.2.. Lps
- 5.3.. NF-IL-6
- 5.4.. xid
- 5.5.. nu
- 5.6.. H2
- 6.. Conclusion
- References
- 3.. Host Resistance and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. Mycobacterium tuberculosis as an Opportunistic Infection
- 2.1.. Primary Infection
- 2.2.. Reactivation of Infection
- 2.3.. Infection in the Immunosuppressed Individuals
- 3.. Host Resistance to M. tuberculosis: Experimental Studies
- 3.1.. Monocytes and Macrophages
- 3.2.. T Lymphocytes
- 3.3.. Other Cells of the Immune System
- 4.. In Vivo Host Resistance to M. tuberculosis
- 4.1.. Animal Models of Tuberculosis
- 4.2.. Human Tuberculosis
- 5.. Conclusions
- References
- 4.. The Influence of Adrenal Steroids on Macrophage and T-Cell Function in Tuberculosis
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. The Mode of Action of Glucocorticoids
- 2.1.. Interaction of GCs with Other Agonists
- 2.2.. The Diurnal Rhythm of Cortisol Production and T-Cell Function
- 2.3.. Abnormalities of the Diurnal Rhythm in Tuberculosis and HIV
- 3.. Regulation of Tissue Concentrations of Cortisol
- 3.1.. Abnormalities of the Cortisol-Cortisone Shuttle in Tuberculosis
- 4.. Dehydroepiandrosterone as an Antiglucocorticoid
- 4.1.. Mechanism of Action of DHEA on the Immune System
- 4.2.. DHEA and Immune Responses in Rodents
- 4.3.. Abnormalities of DHEAS Production and Metabolism in Tuberculosis
- 5.. Modulation of Macrophage Functions by Glucocorticoids
- 5.1.. Modulation of the Effects of GCs on Macrophages by MIF
- 5.2.. GCs and Apoptosis of Myeloid Cells
- 5.3.. GCs, Macrophages, MIF, and Tuberculosis
- 6.. Modulation of T-Cell Function by Glucocorticoids
- 6.1.. T-Cell Function in Tuberculosis; Possible Effects of GCs
- 7.. Murine Tuberculosis and the Role of the Adrenals
- 7.1.. Changes in Adrenal Size and the Th1/Th2 Balance
- 7.2.. Changes in Adrenal Size and the Toxicity of Cytokines
- 7.3.. The Scope for Endocrinological Manipulations of Murine Tuberculosis
- 8.. Conclusions
- References
- 5.. Mycobacterium leprae as an Opportunistic Pathogen
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. The Leprosy Spectrum
- 2.1.. Indeterminant Leprosy
- 2.2.. Lepromatous Leprosy
- 2.3.. Tuberculoid Leprosy
- 2.4.. Borderline Leprosy
- 2.5.. Reactions
- 3.. Predisposition to Leprosy and Local Immunoregulation
- 4.. Other Immunoregulatory Cells in the Leprosy Lesion
- 4.1.. Successful Macrophage Function
- 4.2. Defective Macrophage Function
- 5.. Lessons from Animal Models of Leprosy
- 5.1.. Immunocompetent Animals
- 5.2.. Immunocompromised Animals
- 6.. Leprosy in Immunosuppressed Human Diseases
- 7.. Leprosy and HIV Coinfection
- 8.. Summary and Conclusions
- References
- 6.. Immunology and Immunopathology of Mycobacterial Infections
- 1.. Tuberculosis and Leprosy
- 2.. Protective Immunity to Mycobacteria Is Dependent on CD4[superscript +] Th1, CD8[superscript +] T Cells, and Type 1 Cytokines
- 3.. HLA Polymorphism Regulates T-Cell Immunity to Mycobacteria
- 4.. T-Cell-Mediated Immunity and Immunopathology in Mycobacterial Infections
- 5.. Role of Schwann Cells in Immunopathological Type 1 Leprosy Nerve Reactions
- 6.. Pharmacological Modulation of Immunopathological Th1 Cell Activity
- 7.. Cytokine-Based Enhancement of Th1 Cell Responsiveness in Mycobacterial Infections: Implications for Vaccine Development
- References
- 7.. Mycobacterium avium-Complex Infections and Immunodeficiency
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. M. avium-Complex Infections in Immunocompetent Individuals
- 3.. M. avium-Complex Infections and Immunodeficiency
- 4.. M. avium-Complex Infections in HIV-Infected Individuals
- 5.. Conclusions
- 6.. Summary
- References
- 8.. Pathogenesis of Legionella pneumophila Infection
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. Natural and Mammalian Hosts
- 3.. Antigens
- 4.. Intracellular Life Cycle of L. pneumophila
- 4.1.. Attachment and Invasion
- 4.2.. Subversion of Organelle Trafficking
- 4.3.. Stage-Specific Gene Expression
- 4.4.. Late Intracellular Events and Developments of Infectious Forms
- 5.. Conclusions
- References
- 9.. Immune Responses to Legionella
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. Immune Responses in Humans
- 2.1.. Antibodies
- 2.2.. Cellular Immunity
- 3.. Animal Studies
- 3.1.. Antibodies
- 3.2.. Cellular Immunity
- 4.. Immunity and Cytokines
- 4.1.. Acute Phase Cytokines
- 4.2.. Immune Cytokines
- 5.. Conclusion
- References
- 10.. The Infectious/Pathogenic Processes Driven by Listeria monocytogenes in Laboratory Mice
- 1.. Introductory Remarks
- 2.. Pathogenic Processes Driven by Intracellular Bacteria: General Considerations and the Position of L. monocytogenes
- 3.. Cell Invasion and Intracellular Life Style of L. monocytogenes
- 3.1.. L. monocytogenes and Host Molecules Used at the Step of Tissue/Cell Invasion
- 3.2.. The Intracellular Life Style and Cell-to-Cell Dissemination of L. monocytogenes
- 4.. The Immune System: Its Constitutive and Inducible Elements and the Processes of Its Reactivity
- 5.. The Known and Hypothetical Infectious/Pathogenic Processes Driven by L. monocytogenes: Their General and Unique Characteristics
- 6.. The Infectious/Pathogenic Processes Initiated by the Intravenous Inoculation of Lethal or Sublethal Doses of L. monocytogenes to Laboratory Mice: Methodological Issues
- 6.1.. The Laboratory Mice
- 6.2.. The Analysis of Virulence and Pathogenicity Processes in Experimental Systems: Readout Assays
- 6.3.. The Infectious Process: Operational Definition
- 6.4.. The Pathogenic Process: Operational Definition
- 6.5.. New Tools and Reagents for Properly Addressing the Tissue-Dependent Pathogenic Processes Driven by L. monocytogenes in Mice
- 7.. The Pathogenesis of the Processes Driven by L. monocytogenes Given Intravenously to Laboratory Mice
- 7.1.. The Blood-Filtering Tissues: Their Unique Features in Steady-State Conditions
- 7.2.. L. monocytogenes within Blood-Filtering Tissues: The Transient Pathogenic Processes Driven in the Spleen and Liver and their Connection with the Immune System Reactivity
- 7.3.. L. monocytogenes within the Central Nervous System and the Uteroplacental Unit
- 8.. Concluding Remarks, Perspectives
- References
- 11.. Rhodococcus equi: Pathogenesis and Replication in Macrophages
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Infection
- 3.. Bacterial Virulence Determinants
- 4.. Cell Biology
- 5.. Immunity
- 6.. Future Studies
- References
- 12.. Bartonella Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. Intracellular Location of Bartonella
- 3.. The Genus Bartonella and Disease
- 4.. Clinical Presentations in the Immunocompromised Patient
- 4.1.. Bacillary Angiomatosis
- 4.2.. Bacillary Peliosis
- 4.3.. Bacteremia
- 4.4.. Endocarditis
- 4.5.. Central Nervous System Involvement
- 4.6.. Other Clinical Manifestations
- 5.. Conclusions
- References
- 13.. Chlamydia trachomatis Infections
- 1.. The Organism
- 2.. Replication
- 3.. Antigenic Composition
- 4.. Clinical Aspects and Epidemiology
- 4.1.. Genital Tract Infections
- 4.2.. Trachoma
- 5.. Pathogenesis
- 6.. Immunity
- 7.. Measuring Immune Responses to Chlamydia
- 7.1.. Antibody Responses
- 7.2.. Antibody Classes
- 8.. Cell-Mediated Immune Responses
- 9.. Artificial Immunization
- 10.. Serological Diagnosis
- 11.. Commentary
- References
- 14.. Chlamydia Infection and Pneumonia
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. Chlamydial Biology
- 3.. Psittacosis
- 3.1.. Epidemiology
- 3.2.. Pathogenesis and Symptoms
- 3.3.. Diagnosis and Treatment
- 4.. C. trachomatis Pneumonia
- 4.1.. Epidemiology
- 4.2.. Pathogenesis and Symptoms
- 4.3.. Diagnosis and Treatment
- 4.4.. Host Immune Response to C. trachomatis Pneumonia
- 5.. C. pneumoniae Pneumonia
- 5.1.. Epidemiology
- 5.2.. Pathogenesis and Clinical Symptoms
- 5.3.. Diagnosis and Treatment
- 5.4.. Host Immune Response to C. pneumoniae Pneumonia
- 6.. Conclusion
- References
- 15.. Brucella Infections and Immunity
- 1.. Introduction
- 2.. Zoonotic Nature of the Infection and Clinical Symptoms
- 3.. Survival of Brucellae in Macrophages
- 4.. Brucella Components that Contribute to Survival in Macrophages
- 4.1.. Defenses against Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI)-Mediated Killing
- 4.2.. Resistance to Killing by Low pH
- 4.3.. Resistance to Nutrient Deprivation
- 4.4.. Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides
- 4.5.. Generalized Resistance to a Variety of Environmental Stresses
- 5.. Immune Responses Controlling Infection
- 5.1.. Role of IFN-[gamma]
- 5.2.. Th1 vs. Th2 Responses
- 5.3.. Role of IL-12
- 6.. Future Vaccines: Antigens and Induction of Cellular Immune Responses
- References
- 16.. Antibiotic Treatment of Infections with Intracellular Bacteria
- 1.. The Implications of Intracellular Habitat of Microorganisms for Antibiotic Effectiveness
- 2.. Transport of Antibiotics across the Host Cell Membrane
- 2.1.. Import
- 2.2.. Export
- 3.. Intracellular Accumulation
- 4.. Intracellular Distribution
- 5.. Intracellular Activity
- 5.1.. "Exogenous" Antibiotics
- 5.2.. "Endogenous" Antibiotics
- 6.. Consequences of Intracellular Accumulation for the Host Cells
- 7.. Role of Antibiotics for the Treatment of Infections with Intracellular Microorganisms
- References
- Index
