Chronic lung disease in early infancy /
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| Imprint: | New York : M. Dekker, c1999. |
|---|---|
| Description: | xxvi, 1062 p. |
| Language: | English |
| Series: | Lung biology in health and disease. v. 137 |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/4060732 |
Table of Contents:
- Introduction
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part 1. Clinical Aspects
- 1.. Historical Perspective: Early Observations and Subsequent Evolution of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- I.. Introduction and Background
- II.. Historical Perspective
- III.. Early Observations
- IV.. The Evolution of BPD
- References
- 2.. Epidemiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Clinical Risk Factors and Associated Clinical Conditions
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Major Perinatal Clinical Risk Factors for BPD
- III.. Clinical Risk Scoring Systems
- IV.. Postnatal Factors That Affect BPD
- V.. Summary
- References
- 3.. Clinical Course and Lung Function Abnormalities During Development of Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Definition and Incidence
- III.. Clinical Presentation
- IV.. Differential Diagnosis of CLD
- V.. Lung Function During Development of CLD
- VI.. Therapeutic Interventions and Lung Function During Development of CLD
- References
- 4.. Radiographic Features of BPD and Potential Application of New Imaging Techniques
- I.. Introduction
- II.. The Radiographic Progression of BPD
- III.. BPD as a Chronic Lung Disease
- IV.. New Imaging Techniques
- V.. Potential Applications
- References
- 5.. Pathology of Chronic Lung Disease of Early Infancy
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Comparison of Classic BPD Pathology with BPD Pathology in the 1990s
- III.. Major Differences in "Old" BPD Versus "New" BPD Pathology: Airway and Interstitial Disease
- IV.. Alveolar Hypoplasia and Vascular Dysmorphic Changes: The Consistent Findings in New BPD
- V.. Pathogenesis of BPD in the 1990s
- VI.. Summary
- References
- 6.. The Usefulness of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Infants with Evolving Chronic Lung Disease
- I.. Introduction
- II.. General Considerations
- III.. Inflammation: Marker or Protagonist of Injury?
- IV.. Clinical Usefulness of BAL in BPD
- V.. Conclusion
- References
- 7.. Inflammatory Mediators in Neonatal Lung Disease
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Neutrophils and Macrophages
- III.. Neutrophil and Macrophage Recruitment
- IV.. Cytokines
- V.. Elastolytic Damage
- VI.. Inflammatory Mediators and Pulmonary Infections
- VII.. Pulmonary Protein Leaks
- VIII.. Oxygen Toxicity
- IX.. Conclusions and Outlook
- References
- 8.. Infection in the Pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Epidemiological Correlations
- III.. Pathogenetic Mechanisms
- References
- 9.. Ventilation Strategies and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Barotrauma Versus Volutrauma
- III.. Site of Pathology and Ventilatory Strategy
- IV.. Modes of Conventional Ventilators
- V.. High-Frequency Ventilation
- VI.. Strategies to Minimize Barotrauma
- VII.. Liquid Ventilation
- VIII.. Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation
- IX.. Other Forms of Respiratory Support
- X.. Future Needs
- XI.. Summary
- References
- 10.. Effect of Respiratory Care Practices on the Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Gas Temperature and Humidity
- III.. Aspiration
- IV.. Conclusions
- References
- 11.. Influence of Surfactant Replacement on Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- I.. Statement of the Question
- II.. Review of the Clinical Data
- III.. Why Should Surfactant Treatments Decrease BPD?
- IV.. Why Surfactant Treatment Might Not Affect the Incidence of BPD
- V.. Summary
- References
- 12.. Drug Treatment for Established BPD
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Oxygen Therapy
- III.. Diuretic Therapy
- IV.. Inhaled Bronchodilator Therapy
- V.. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
- VI.. Nutrition Therapy
- VII.. Other Drug Treatments for BPD
- VIII.. Future Research Directions
- IX.. Summary
- References
- 13.. Nutritional Issues in Chronic Lung Disease of Premature Infants
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Negative Influence of General Undernutrition and Protein Malnutrition on Oxygen-Induced Lung Injury
- III.. Lipid and Oxygen-Induced Lung Injury: Helpful or Harmful?
- IV.. Influence of Additional Nutrients (Inositol, Selenium, and Vitamin A) on Oxygen-Induced Lung Injury
- V.. Conclusion
- References
- 14.. Pulmonary Function in BPD and Its Aftermath
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Clinical Evaluation of Infants and Children with BPD
- III.. Growth Failure in Infants with BPD
- IV.. Exacerbations with Intercurrent Illness
- V.. Techniques, Interpretation, and Limits of Pulmonary Function Testing in Infants with BPD
- VI.. Pulmonary Function in BPD: Infancy and Beyond
- VII.. Conclusions and Future Directions
- References
- 15.. Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Disturbances in Cardiovascular Function
- III.. Therapeutic Strategies
- IV.. Summary
- References
- 16.. Long-Term Recovery from Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Physical Examination
- III.. Pulmonary Function
- IV.. Airway Hyperreactivity
- V.. Radiographic Study of the Chest
- VI.. Concluding Remarks
- References
- 17.. The Goal: Prevention of BPD
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Predisposing Factors
- References
- Part 2. Normal and Abnormal Alveolar and Airway Development
- 18.. Unique Features of the Immature Lung That Make It Vulnerable to Injury
- I.. Introduction
- II.. The Airways
- III.. The Parenchyma
- References
- 19.. Hormonal Effects on Lung Maturation and Disease
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Prenatal Corticosteroid Therapy and Newborn Lung Disease
- III.. Effects of Thyroid Hormones on Lung Maturation
- IV.. Combined Glucocorticoid and Thyroid Hormone Treatment
- V.. Clinical Trials of Antenatal Corticosteroid Plus TRH Therapy
- VI.. Summary
- References
- 20.. Mechanisms and Physiological Sequelae of Reactive Species Injury to the Alveolar Epithelium
- I.. Introduction and Purpose
- II.. Structure of the Newborn and Adult Alveolar Epithelium
- III.. Oxidant Stress in the Developing Lung
- IV.. Biology of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species
- V.. NO-Derived Effects on the Alveolar Epithelium
- VI.. Lesson from Basic Research: Development of Rational Therapeutic Interventions to Limit Oxidant Injury
- References
- 21.. Surfactant in Chronic Lung Injury
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Composition and Functions of Pulmonary Surfactant
- III.. Experimental Studies on Surfactant in Chronic Lung Injury
- IV.. Involvement of Surfactant in Patients with Chronic Lung Injury
- V.. Conclusions
- References
- 22.. The Regulation of the Formation of Pulmonary Alveoli
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Architectural Maturation of the Lung's Gas-Exchange Region: From Saccules to Alveoli
- III.. Formation of Alveoli
- IV.. Relation of Experimental Work to the Lung and Its Development in Prematurely Born Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- References
- 23.. Factors Mediating Cell Growth in Lung Injury
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Regulation of Cell Division
- III.. Regulation of Normal Lung Growth by Growth Factors
- IV.. The Influence of Physical Factors on Lung Cell Growth
- V.. The Influence of Oxygen on Lung Cell Growth
- VI.. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Lung Injury
- VII.. Specific Growth Factors in Lung Injury
- VIII.. Problems of Interpretation
- IX.. Foci for Future Research
- References
- 24.. Developmental Airway Structure and Function in Health and Chronic Lung Injury
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Developmental Morphology
- III.. Functional Characteristics of the Immature Airway
- IV.. Clinical Assessment of Airway Function
- V.. Summary
- References
- Part 3. Normal and Abnormal Development of the Lung Circulation and Interstitium
- 25.. Lung Development and the Effects of Chronic Hypoxia
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Normal Development of the Human Lung
- III.. Effect of Chronic Hypoxia on Lung Development
- IV.. The Future: Where Do We Go from Here?
- References
- 26.. Altered Development of the Pulmonary Circulation in Chronic Lung Injury
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Structural Changes in Pulmonary Arteries
- III.. Acute and Chronic Infection
- IV.. Hypoxia
- V.. Oxygen Toxicity and Barotrauma
- VI.. High Flow and Pressure
- VII.. Chronic Lung Injury: Questions to Be Solved
- References
- 27.. Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy: Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Perinatal Pulmonary Circulation: Developmental Aspects
- III.. Effects of Lung Injury on the Developing Pulmonary Circulation
- IV.. Pulmonary Hypertension in Premature Neonates with Severe RDS
- V.. Pulmonary Hypertension in CLD of Infancy
- VI.. Conclusions and Future Directions
- References
- 28.. Connective Tissues in Lung Development and Diseases in Early Infancy
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Extracellular Matrix: General
- III.. ECM Proteins in Lung Development
- IV.. Connective Tissue Changes in Lung Diseases of Early Infancy
- V.. Future Directions
- References
- 29.. Pulmonary Edema After Premature Birth: Progression from Acute to Chronic Lung Disease
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Lung Fluid Balance During Fetal Development
- III.. Postnatal Lung Fluid Balance
- IV.. Lingering Questions
- References
- Part 4. Mechanisms of Lung Injury and Repair During Development
- 30.. Molecular Mechanisms of Oxygen-Induced Lung Injury
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Possible Roles of Hyperoxic Lung Injury in CLD
- III.. Reactive Oxygen Species in Hyperoxic Lung Injury
- IV.. Biomarkers of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Systems
- V.. Roles of Iron Metabolism in Reactive Oxygen-Mediated Tissue Injury
- VI.. Summary and Conclusions
- References
- 31.. Assessment of Tissue Injury from Reactive Oxygen Metabolites
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Methods
- III.. Future Directions
- References
- 32.. Chronic Lung Disease of Early Infancy: Role of Neutrophils
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Mechanisms of Neutrophil-Mediated Injury and Recruitment to the Lung
- III.. Pathological and Clinical Studies of Neutrophil Involvement in BPD
- IV.. The Role of Neutrophils in Animal Models of BPD
- V.. Conclusions
- References
- 33.. The Role of Pulmonary Macrophages in Chronic Lung Disease of Early Infancy
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Emergence of Pulmonary Macrophage Populations and the Pathophysiology of CLD of Early Infancy
- III.. The Role of Pulmonary Macrophages and Lung Infection in the Pathophysiology of CLD of Early Infancy
- IV.. Interactions of Lung Macrophages with Other Pulmonary Cells by Direct Cell-to-Cell Communication and Secretory Activity
- V.. Limitations to the Study of Alveolar Macrophages in CLD of Early Infancy and Future Directions
- References
- 34.. Oxidants and Antioxidants: What Role Do They Play in Chronic Lung Disease?
- I.. Introduction
- II.. General Principles of Oxidants and Antioxidants
- III.. Evidence Linking Oxygen Radicals and CLD
- IV.. Development of the AOE System in the Fetal Lung
- V.. Vulnerability of the Premature Infant Relative to Antioxidant Defenses
- VI.. Experimental and Potential Therapeutic Modification of Antioxidant Defenses
- VII.. Oxygen Toxicity, Antioxidant Enzymes, and CLD: Unanswered Questions and Future Clinical Applications
- References
- 35.. Proteolytic Enzymes and Their Inhibitors in Lung Health and Disease
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Classification of Proteases
- III.. Control of Proteolytic Enzymes
- IV.. Functions of Proteolytic Enzymes
- V.. Proteases and Pulmonary Diseases
- VI.. Proteases and Chronic Lung Disease of Early Infancy
- VII.. What Lies Ahead?
- References
- 36.. Site- and Mechanism-Directed Interventions for Tissue Free Radical Injury
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Oxidant-Protective Reactions of Nitric Oxide
- III.. Targeting Catalytic Radical Scavengers to the Extracellular Compartment
- IV.. Targeting Catalytic Radical Scavengers to the Intracellular Compartment
- V.. Gene Therapy Strategies for Enhancing Pulmonary Antioxidant Defenses
- VI.. Summary
- References
- Part 5. Models of Lung Injury and Repair During Development
- 37.. Genetic Models for the Study of Autocrine--Paracrine Signaling in Lung Development and Repair
- I.. Introduction
- II.. Role of Fibroblast Growth Factors
- III.. TGF-[alpha] and EGF-R Signaling and Pulmonary Fibrosis and Airspace Remodeling
- IV.. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- V.. Summary
- References
- 38.. Animal Models of Chronic Lung Injury
- I.. Introduction
- II.. What Is the Human Disease That Needs to Be Modeled?
- III.. Contributors to the Development of BPD
- IV.. Potential Uses of Transgenic Models for Future Studies
- V.. Summary and Future Needs
- References
- Author Index
- Subject Index
