Physiology of behavior /
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| Author / Creator: | Carlson, Neil R., 1942- |
|---|---|
| Edition: | 2d ed. |
| Imprint: | Boston, Mass. : Allyn and Bacon, [1981] c1980. |
| Description: | xiii, 748 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/445676 |
Table of Contents:
- Preface
- 1. Introduction
- Understanding Human Consciousness: A Physiological Approach
- Blindsight
- Split Brains
- Unilateral Neglect
- Interim Summary
- The Nature of Psysiological Psychology
- The Goals of Research
- Biological Roots of Physiological Psychology
- Interim Summary
- Natural Selection and Evolution
- Functionalism and the Inheritance of Traits
- Evolution of the Human Species
- Evolution of Large Brains
- Interim Summary
- Ethical Issues in Research with Animals
- Careers in Neuroscience
- Interim Summary
- Strategies for Learning
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 2. Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System
- Cells of the Nervous System
- Neurons
- Supporting Cells
- The Blood-Brain Barrier
- Interim Summary
- Communication within a Neuron
- Neural Communication: An Overview
- Measuring Electrical Potentials of Axons
- The Membrane Potential: Balance of Two Forces
- The Action Potential
- Conduction of the Action Potential
- Interim Summary
- Communication between Neurons
- Structure of Synapses
- Release of Neurotransmitter
- Activation of Receptors
- Postsynaptic Potentials
- Termination of Postsynaptic Potentials
- Effects of Postsynaptic Potentials: Neural Integration
- Autoreceptors
- Other Types of Synapses
- Nonsynaptic Chemical Communication
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 3. Structure of the Nervous System
- Basic Features of the Nervous System
- An Overview
- Meninges
- The Ventricular System and Production of CSF
- Interim Summary
- The Central Nervous System
- Development of the Central Nervous System
- The Forebrain
- The Midbrain
- The Hindbrain
- The Spinal Cord
- Interim Summary
- The Peripheral Nervous System
- Spinal Nerves
- Cranial Nerves
- The Autonomic Nervous System
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 4. Psychopharmacology
- Principles of Psychopharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics
- Drug Effectiveness
- Effects of Repeated Administration
- Placebo Effects
- Interim Summary
- Sites of Drug Action
- Effects on Production of
- Neurotransmitters
- Effects on Storage and Release of Neurotransmitters
- Effect on Receptors
- Effects on Reuptake or Destruction of
- Neurotransmitter
- Interim Summary
- Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
- Acetylcholine
- The Monoamines
- Amino Acids
- Peptides
- Lipids
- Nucleosides
- Soluble Gases
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additonal Resources
- 5. Methods and Strategies of Research
- Experimental Ablation
- Evaluating the Behavioral Effects of Brain Damage
- Producing Brain Lesions
- Sterotaxic Surgery
- Histological Methods
- Tracing Neural Connections
- Study of the Living Human Brain
- Interim Summary
- Recording and Stimulating Neural Activity
- Recording of Neural Activity
- Recording of the Brain's Metabolic and Synaptic Activity
- Measuring the Brain's Secretions
- Stimulating Neural Activity
- Behavioral Effects of Electrical Brain Stimulation
- Interim Summary
- Neurochemical Methods
- Finding Neurons That Produce Particular Neurochemicals
- Localizing Particular Receptors
- Interim Summary
- Genetic Methods
- Twin Studies
- Adoption Studies
- Targeted Mutations
- Antisense Oligonucleotides
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 6. Vision
- The Stimulus Anatomy of the Visual System
- The Eyes
- Photoreceptors
- Connections Between Eye and Brain
- Interim Summary
- Coding of Visual Information in the Retina
- Coding of Light and Dark
- Coding of Color
- Interim Summary
- Analysis of Visual Information: Role of the Striate Cortex
- Anatomy of the Striate Cortex
- Orientation and Movement
- Spatial Frequency
- Retinal Disparity
- Color
- Modular Organization of the Striate Cortex
- Interim Summary
- Analysis of Visual Information: Role of the Visual Association Cortex
- Two Streams of Visual Analysis
- Perception of Color
- Perception of Form
- Perception of Movement
- Perception of Spatial Location
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Addiitional Resources
- 7. Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses
- Audition
- The Stimulus
- Anatomy of the Ear
- Auditory Hair Cells and the Transduction of Auditory Information
- The Auditory Pathway
- Perception of Pitch
- Perception of Loudness
- Perception of Timbre
- Perception of Spatial Location
- Perception of Complex Sounds
- Interim Summary
- Vestibular System
- Anatomy of the Vestibular Apparatus
- The Receptor Cells
- The Vestibular Pathway
- Interim Summary
- Somatosenses
- The Stimuli
- Anatomy of the Skin and Its Receptive Organs
- Perception of Cutaneous Stimulation
- The Somatosensory Pathways
- Perception of Pain
- Interim Summary
- Gustation
- The Stimuli
- Anatomy of the Taste Buds and Gustatory Cells
- Perception of Gustatory Information
- The Gustatory Pathway
- Interim Summary
- Olfaction
- The Stimulus
- Anatomy of the Olfactory Apparatus
- Transduction of Olfactory Information
- Perception of Specific Odors
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additonal Resources
- 8. Control of Movement
- Muscles
- Skeletal Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
- Interim Summary
- Reflexive Control of Movement
- The Monosynaptic Stretch Reflex
- The Gamma Motor System
- Polysynaptic Reflexes
- Interim Summary
- Control of Movement by the Brain
- Organization of Motor Cortex
- Initiating, Imitating, and Comprehending Movements: Role of the Motor Association Cortex
- Cortical Control of Movement: The Descending Pathways
- Deficits of Skilled movements: The Apraxias
- The Basal Ganglia
- The Cerebellum
- The Reticular Formation
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 9. Sleep and Biological Rhythms
- A Physiological and Behavioral Description of Sleep
- Stages of Sleep
- Mental Activity During Sleep
- Interim Summary
- Disorders of Sleep
- Insomnia
- Narcolepsy
- REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
- Problems Associated with Slow-Wave Sleep
- Interim Summary
- Why Do We Sleep?
- Functions of Slow-Wave Sleep
- Functions of REM Sleep
- Interim Summary
- Physiological Mechanisms of Sleep and Waking
- Chemical Control of Sleep
- Neural Control of Arousal
- Neural Control of Slow-Wave Sleep
- Neural Control of REM Sleep
- Interim Summary
- Biological Clocks
- Circadian Rhythms and Zeitgebers
- The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Control of Seasonal Rhythms: The Pineal Gland and Melatonin
- Changes in Circadian Rhythms: Shift Work and Jet Lag
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 10. Reproductive Behahvior
- Sexual Development
- Production of Gametes and Fertilization
- Development of the Sex Organs
- Sexual Maturation
- Interim Summary
- Hormonal Control of Sexual Behavior
- Hormonal Control of Female Reproductive Cycles
- Hormonal Control of Sexual Behavior of Laboratory Animals
- Organizational Effects of Androgens on Behavior: Masculinization and Defeminization
- Effects of Pheromones
- Human Sexual Behavior
- Sexual Orientation
- Interim Summary
- Neural Control of Sexual Behavior
- Males
- Females
- Formation of Pair Bonds
- Interim Summary
- Parental Behavior
- Maternal Behavior of Rodents
- Hormonal Control of Maternal Behavior
- Neural Control of Maternal Behavior
- Neural Control of Paternal Behavior
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 11. Emotion
- Emotions as Response Patterns
- Fear
- Anger, Aggression, and Impulse Control
- Hormonal Control of Aggressive Behavior
- Interim Summary
- Communication of Emotions
- Facial Expression of Emotions: Innate
- Responses
- Neural Basis of the Communication of Emotions: Recognition
- Neural Basis of the Communication of Emotions: Expression
- Interim Summary
- Feelings of Emotions
- The James-Lange Theory
- Feedback from Simulated Emotions
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 12. Ingestive Behavior
- Physiological Regulatory Mechanisms
- Drinking
- Some Facts about Fluid Balance
- Two Types of Thirst
- Neural Mechanisms of Thirst
- Interim Summary
- Eating: Some Facts about Metabolism
- Absorption, Fasting, and the Two Nutrient Reservoirs
- Interim Summary
- What Starts a Meal?
- Signals from the Environment
- Signals from the Stomach
- Metabolic Signals
- Interim Summary
- What Stops a Meal?
- Head Factors
- Gastric Factors
- Intestinal Factors
- Liver Factors
- Insulin
- Long-Term Satity: Signals from Adipose Tissue
- Interim Summary
- Brain Mechanisms
- Brain Stem
- Hypothalamus
- Interim Summary
- Eating Disorders
- Obesity
- Anorexia Nervosa/Bulimia Nervosa
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 13. Learning and Memory
- The Nature of Learning
- Interim Summary
- Synaptic Plasticity: Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression
- Induction of Long-Term Potentiation
- Role of NMDA Receptors
- Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity
- Long-Term Depression
- Other Forms of Long-Term Potentiation
- Interim Summary
- Perceptual Learning
- Learning to Recognize Visual Stimuli
- Perceptual Short-Term Memory
- Interim Summary
- Classical Conditioning
- Interim Summary
- Instrumental Conditioning
- Basal Ganglia
- Reinforcement
- Interim Summary
- Relational Learning
- Human Anterograde Amnesia
- Spared Learning Abilities
- Declarative and Nondeclarative Memories
- Anatomy of Anterograde Amnesia
- Role of the Hippocampal Formation in
- Consolidation of Declarative Memories
- Episodic and Semantic Memories
- Spatial Memory
- Confabulation: Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Evaluating the Accuracy of Memories
- Relational Learning in Laboratory Animals
- Role of the Hippocampal Formation in Memory Consolidation
- Role of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Learning
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 14. Human Communication
- Speech Production and Comprehension: Brain Mechanisms
- Lateralization
- Speech Production
- Speech Comprehension
- Aphasia in Deaf Peole
- The Bilingual Brain
- Prosody: Rhythm, Tone, and Emphasis in Speech
- Stuttering
- Interim Summary
- Disorders of Reading and Writing
- Relation to Aphasia
- Pure Alexia
- Toward an Understanding of Reading
- Toward and Understanding of Writing
- Developmental Dyslexias
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 15. Neurological Disorders
- Tumors
- Seizure Disorders
- Cerebrovascular Accidents
- Interim Summary
- Disorders of Development
- Toxic Chemicals
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders
- Down Syndrome
- Interim Summary
- Degenerative Disorders
- Transmissible Spongiform
- Encephalopathies
- Parkinson's Disease
- Huntington's Disease
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Korsakoff's Syndrome
- Interim Summary
- Disorders Caused by Infectious Diseases
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 16. Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Description
- Heritability
- Pharmacology of Schizophrenia: The Dopamine Hypothesis
- Schizophrenia as a Neurological Disorder
- Interim Summary
- Major Affective Disorders
- Description
- Heritability
- Physiological Treatments
- Role of Monoamines
- Evidence for Brain Abnormalities
- Role of the 5-HT Transporter
- Role of Circadian Rhythms
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 17. Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders
- Anxiety Disorders
- Panic Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Interim Summary
- Autistic Disorder
- Description
- Possible Causes
- Interim Summary
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Description
- Possible Causes
- Interim Summary
- Stress Disorders
- Physiology of the Stress Response
- Health Effects of Long-Term Stress
- Effects of Stress on the Brain
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Psychoneuroimmunology
- Interim Summary
- Suggested Readings
- Additional Resources
- 18. Drug Abuse
- Common Features of Addiction
- A Little Background
- Physical Versus Psychological Addiction
- Positive Reinforcement
- Negative Reinforcement
- Tolerance and Withdrawal
- Craving and Relapse
- Interim Summary
- Commonly Abused Drugs
- Opiates
- Stimulant Drugs: Cocaine and Amphetamine
- Nicotine
- Alcohol
- Cannabis
- Interim Summary
- Heredity and Drug Abuse
- Heritability Studies of Humans
- Animal Models of Drug Abuse
- Interim Summary
- Therapy for Drug Abuse
- Interim Summary
- References
- Name Index
- Subject Index
