Plasmids for therapy and vaccination /

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Bibliographic Details
Imprint:	Weinheim ; Cambridge : Wiley-VCH, 2001.
Description:	xix, 287 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.
Language:	English
Subject:	Plasmids. DNA vaccines. Gene therapy. Plasmids. Vaccines, DNA. Gene Therapy. DNA vaccines. Gene therapy. Plasmids.
Format:	Print Book
URL for this record:	http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/4466827

Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:	Schlefman, Martin.
ISBN:	3527302697
Notes:	Includes bibliographical references and index.

Table of Contents:

Preface
List of Contributors
1. The Biology of Plasmids
1. Introduction: What are plasmids?
2. General properties of plasmids
2.1. Plasmid replication and its control
2.2. The molecular basis of incompatibility
2.3. Plasmid inheritance
2.4. Mechanisms of plasmid spread
2.4.1. Conjugation in gram-negative bacteria
2.4.2. Conjugation in gram-positive bacteria
3. Plasmid-encoded phenotypes
3.1. Bacteriocin production and resistance
3.2. The Ti plasmids
3.3. Heavy metal resistance
3.4. Other phenotypical traits
4. The clinical importance of plasmids
4.1. The spread of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of multiple antibiotic resistance
4.2. Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes
4.3. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
4.4. Bacterial virulence genes
5. Plasmid cloning vectors
6. Perspectives
2. Structures of Plasmid DNA
1. Introduction
2. Topological structures of plasmids
3. Supercoiling of DNA
4. DNA intercalating dyes
5. Analysis of plasmid structures
5.1. Electron microscopy (EM)
5.2. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE)
5.3. Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE)
5.4. Analytical chromatography
6. Conclusion
3. Genetic Vaccination with Plasmid Vectors
1. Introduction
2. Vector design
2.1. Plasmid DNA
2.2. Construction of simple transcription units
2.3. Construction of complex transcription units
3. Strategies for DNA delivery
4. Priming humoral and cellular immune responses by DNA vaccines
5. Experimental strategies facilitated by DNA vaccination
6. Unique advantages of DNA vaccination
7. DNA vaccines in preclinical animal models
7.1. DNA vaccines to control infectious diseases
7.2. Therapeutic tumor vaccines
7.3. Autoimmune disease
7.4. Treatment of allergy by therapeutic DNA vaccination
8. Proposed clinical applications of DNA vaccines
9. Risks of nucleic acid vaccination
10. Future perspectives
4. A Liposomal iNOS-Gene Therapy Approach to Prevent Neointimal Lesion Formation in Porcine Femoral Arteries
1. Introduction
2. Results and discussion
2.1. Therapeutic plasmid
2.2. The gene therapy product has a clinically acceptable format
2.3. Efficient gene transfer was established in a minipig femoral artery injury model
2.4. Transfection efficiency is dose dependent
2.5. Non-viral iNOS gene transfer efficiently inhibits neointimal lesion formation
3. Summary and perspectives
5. Immunotherapy of Chronic Hepatitis B by pCMV-S2.S DNA Vaccine
1. Introduction
1.1. Hepatitis B: the disease
1.2. Hepatitis B: treatments
1.3. Hepatitis B: immune response to infection
1.4. What are DNA vaccines?
1.5. Which DNA vaccines for hepatitis B?
2. DNA vaccines for the prevention of hepatitis B
2.1. The mouse model
2.1.1. Humoral response
2.1.2. Cell-mediated response
2.1.3. Mechanisms of DNA-induced immune response to HBsAg
2.1.4. The primate model
2.1.5. DNA-based vaccination of chimpanzees against HBV
2.1.6. Neonatal immunization
3. DNA-based vaccination for chronic HBV infections
3.1. HBsAg transgenic mice as a model for HBV chronic carriers
4. Clinical trials of DNA vaccines
6. pSG.MEPfTRAP--A First Generation Malaria DNA Vaccine Vector
1. Parasite life cycle and impact of malaria
2. Concept of vaccination against malaria
3. First-generation plasmid: pSG.MEPfTRAP
3.1. Vector backbone
3.2. Insert
3.3. Production and formulation
3.4. Preclinical testing of pSG.MEPfTRAP
3.4.1. Toxicity studies
3.4.2. Biodistribution
3.4.3. Stability testing
3.4.4. Potency testing
4. Regulatory aspects
5. Future perspectives
7. Polyvalent Vectors for Coexpression of Multiple Genes
1. Introduction
2. Polycistronic expression vectors
2.1. Mechanisms of translation initiation
2.2. Characteristics of IRES elements
2.3. Application of IRES elements in cells and animals
2.4. Polycistronic vector systems
2.5. Expression properties of IRES vectors
3. Bidirectional promoters
3.1. Natural bidirectional promoters
3.2. Artificial bidirectional promoters
3.3. Combining polycistronic and bidirectional expression
4. Perspectives
8. Form Follows Function: The Design of Minimalistic Immunogenically Defined Gene Expression (MIDGE) Constructs
1. The problem
2. The solution
2.1. MIDGE--the concept
2.2. Simple MIDGE
2.3. Smart MIDGE
2.4. Applications
2.5. Practical aspects of vector sequence design
9. Synthetic Genes for Prevention and Therapy: Implications on Safety and Efficacy of DNA Vaccines and Lentiviral Vectors
1. Introduction
2. Paradoxon: HIV-derived vaccines and gene delivery systems
3. Synthetic genes: Novel tools contributing to the understanding of HIV replication
3.1. Construction of a synthetic, HIV-1 derived gag gene
3.2. Codon usage modification in the gag gene abolishes Rev dependency and increases expression yields
3.3. Codon usage modification in the gag gene increases nuclear RNA stability and promotes constitutive nuclear translocation
3.4. Codon usage modification in the gag gene alters the nuclear export pathway of otherwise CRM1 dependent RNAs
3.5. Codon usage modification increases RNA stability, modulates nuclear RNA export and increases translational efficiency
4. Synthetic genes: Implications on the development of safe and effective DNA vaccines
4.1. Safety issues to be considered for DNA vaccine development
4.2. Codon optimization of a gag-specific candidate vaccines results in increased antibody responses
4.3. Enhanced in vitro cytokine release of splenocytes from mice immunized with synthetic gag plasmid DNA
4.4. Induction of CTL responses in mice immunized with the modified Gag expression plasmids
5. Synthetic genes: Implications on the development of safe lentiviral vectors for gene delivery into quiescent cells
5.1. Safety issues to be considered for lentiviral vector development
5.2. Construction and characterization of synthetic gagpol expression plamids
5.3. Production of lentiviral vectors using synthetic gagpol genes
5.4. Transduction of non-dividing cells
5.5. Absence of replication-competent recombinants (RCRs)
6. Future perspectives
10. Plasmids in Fish Vaccination
1. Introduction
2. Fish
3. Fish immunology
3.1. Innate defence mechanisms
3.2. Adaptive defence mechanisms
4. Vaccination of fish
5. Nucleic acid vaccination of fish
6. Plasmid constructs used in fish studies
7. Routes of plasmid administration
7.1. Intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA
7.2. Other routes of plasmid administration
8. Fate of injected plasmid DNA
9. Magnitude, distribution and longevity of expressed antigen
10. Responses of fish to injection with plasmid DNA
10.1. Inflammatory responses
10.2. Avirulent antigens
10.3. Virulent antigens
11. Regulatory issues and future directions
11. Plasmid Manufacturing--An Overview
1. Introduction
2. Structure of nucleic acids
2.1. Brief structural description of DNA and RNA structures
2.2. DNA supercoiling
3. Plasmid DNA Manufacturing
3.1. Major impurities and main product specifications
3.1.1. Host nucleic acids
3.1.2. Proteins
3.1.3. Endotoxins
3.2. Factors influencing the production of plasmid DNA: Some considerations on the upstream processing and fermentation stages
3.2.1. The plasmid vector
3.2.2. The bacterial host strain
3.2.3. Plasmid fermentation
3.3. Downstream processing of plasmid DNA
3.3.1. Cell lysis
3.3.2. Pre-chromatography processing: clarification and concentration
3.3.3. Chromatographic processing: purification of supercoiled plasmid DNA
3.4. Purification Strategies
4. Concluding remarks
12. Quality Control of pDNA
1. Introduction
2. Characterization and quality control of pDNA
3. Validation of test procedures
4. GLP
5. Detailed description of the characterization of pDNA (final product)
5.1. Sterility
5.2. Purity
5.2.1. Content
5.2.2. Homogeneity
5.2.3. Host DNA
5.2.4. Host cell protein impurities
5.2.5. Endotoxins
5.3. Identity
5.3.1. Restriction analysis
5.3.2. Determination of the DNA sequence
6. Conclusion
13. From Research Data to Clinical Trials
1. Introduction
2. Approaching regulators
3. Vaccine manufacture
4. Preclinical safety testing
5. Clinical trials
6. Approval for clinical trials
7. Clinical trial applications in Germany
14. Market Potential for DNA Therapeutics
1. Definition of biotechnology
2. History
3. Process of pharmaceutical development
4. Human society and technical revolution
5. From sequence to product: Applications of biotechnology
5.1. Milestones in biotechnology: The Human Genome Project
5.2. The future is now: Examples for existing therapeutic approaches using gene products
5.2.1. Gene therapy in cardiovascular diseases
6. Legal aspects of gene technology and pDNA derived products
6.1. The extension of patent law to living creatures and their components
6.2. Impacts of biomedical patents
6.3. Resisting corporate ownership of life forms
7. Health care in the light of biotech is different in Europe and US
7.1. Biotech in the US from an economical point of view
7.2. Emergence of new companies
7.3. Biotech in Germany
8. Who is the health care industry and their clients, a paradigm?
8.1. Health care industry share prices
8.2. HMO enrolment rose
8.3. Limitations to the access of health care services
8.4. US uninsured population rose
9. Economical evaluation of the biotech marked in the future
10. Conclusion
Index

Plasmids for therapy and vaccination /

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