Cognitive neuroscience : the biology of the mind /
Saved in:
| Author / Creator: | Gazzaniga, Michael S. |
|---|---|
| Edition: | 2nd ed. |
| Imprint: | New York : Norton, c2002. |
| Description: | xviii, 681, [67] p. : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 29 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | E-Resource Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/4642921 |
Table of Contents:
- Boxes
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1. A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Pondering the Big Questions
- The Brain Story
- The Twentieth Century
- The Psychological Story
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- The Sudden Rise of Brain Imaging
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition
- Cells of the Nervous System
- The structure of neurons
- The role of glial cells
- Neuronal Signaling
- Overview of neuronal communication
- Properties of the neuronal membrane and the membrane potential
- Electrical conduction in neurons
- Transmembrane proteins: Ion channels and pumps
- Synaptic Transmission
- Chemical transmission
- Electrical transmission
- Neurotransmitters
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 3. Gross and Functional Anatomy of Cognition
- Neuroanatomy
- Methods in neuroanatomy
- Gross and Functional Anatomy of the Nervous System
- Cerebral cortex
- Limbic system, basal ganglia, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and diencephalon
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Spinal cord
- Autonomic nervous system
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 4. The Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience
- What is Cognitive Psychology?
- Mental representations and transformations
- Characterizing mental operations
- Constraints on information processing
- Computer Modeling
- Models are explicit
- Representations in computer models
- Models lead to testable predictions
- Limitations with computer models
- Experimental Techniques Used with Animals
- Single-cell recording
- Lesions
- Genetic manipulations
- Neurology
- Structural imaging of neurological damage
- Causes of neurological disorders
- Functional neurosurgery
- Converging Methods
- Cognitive deficits following brain damage
- Virtual lesions: Transcranial magnetic stimulation
- Functional imaging
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 5. Perception and Encoding
- Disorders of Perception: A Case Study
- Overview of Neural Pathways
- The eye, retina, and receptors
- From the eye to the central nervous system
- Parallel Processing in the Visual System
- Organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus
- Multiple pathways in the visual cortex
- Cortical Visual Areas
- Cellular correlates of visual features
- Imaging visual areas in humans
- Analysis and representation of visual features
- Deficits in Feature Perception
- Deficits in color perception: Achromatopsia
- Deficits in motion perception: Akinetopsia
- Deficits in other aspects of visual perception
- Independent or Convergent Pathways
- Dissociations of Cortical and Subcortical Visual Pathways
- Spatial orientation and object perception in the hamster
- Blindsight: Evidence of residual visual function following cortical blindness
- Functions of the retino-collicular pathway in humans
- Auditory Perception
- Overview of the auditory pathways
- Computational goals in audition
- Concurrent processing for sound localization
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 6. Higher Perceptual Functions
- Agnosia: A Case Study
- Two Cortical Pathways for Visual Perception
- Representational differences between the dorsal and ventral pathways
- Perception for identification versus perception for action
- Computational Problems in Object Recognition
- Variability in sensory information
- View-dependent or view-invariant recognition?
- Shape encoding
- Grandmother cells and ensemble coding
- Summary of computational issues
- Failures of Object Recognition
- Subtypes of agnosia
- Integrating parts into wholes
- Category specificity in agnosia
- Computational account of category-specific deficits
- Prosopagnosia
- Are faces special?
- Neural mechanisms for face perception
- Dissociations of face and object perception
- Two systems for object recognition
- The Relationship Between Visual Perception, Imagery, and Memory
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 7. Selective Attention and Orienting
- Theoretical Models of Attention
- The cocktail party effect
- Early- versus late-selection theories
- Quantifying attention in perception
- Neural Systems in Attention and Selective Perception
- Neurophysiology of human attention
- Animal studies of attentional mechanisms
- Neurology and Neuropsychology of Attention
- Extinction and neglect
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 8. Learning and Memory
- Theories of Memory
- Sensory and short-term memory mechanisms
- Models of short-term memory
- Models of long-term memory
- Summary of theories of memory
- Memory and Brain
- Human memory, brain damage, and amnesia
- Summary of amnesia and long-term memory systems
- Animal models of memory
- Imaging the human brain and memory
- Cellular Bases of Learning and Memory
- Long-term potentiation and the hippocampus
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 9. Language and the Brain
- Theories of Language
- The storage of words and concepts: The mental lexicon
- Perceptual analyses of the linguistic input
- The recognition of words
- Integration of words in sentences
- Speech production
- Neuropsychology of Language and Language Disorders
- Aphasia
- Neurophysiology of Language
- Functional neuroimaging of language
- Electrophysiology of language
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 10. Cerebral Lateralization and Specialization
- Dividing the Mind
- Principles of Cerebral Organization
- Anatomical correlates of hemispheric specialization
- Microanatomical investigations of anatomical asymmetries
- How the Two Hemispheres Communicate
- Cortical disconnection
- Functional consequences of the split-brain procedure
- Specificity of callosal function
- Hemispheric Specialization
- Language and speech
- Visuospatial processing
- Attention and perception
- Converging Evidence of Hemispheric Specialization
- Functional asymmetries in patients with unilateral cortical lesions
- Functional asymmetries in the normal brain
- What Is Lateralized?
- Asymmetries in perceptual representations
- Asymmetries in representing spatial relations
- Recent theoretical developments concerning hemispheric specialization
- Variations in Hemispheric Specialization
- The relation between handedness and left-hemisphere language dominance
- Hemispheric specialization in nonhumans
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 11. The Control of Action
- Motor Structures
- Muscles, motor neurons, and the spinal cord
- Subcortical motor structures
- Cortical regions involved in motor control
- The organization of motor areas
- Computational Issues in Motor Control
- Peripheral control of movement and the role of feedback
- The representation of movement plans
- Physiological Analysis of Motor Pathways
- The neural representation of movement
- Comparison of Motor Planning and Execution
- Internal versus external guidance of movement
- Shift in cortical control with learning
- Functional Analysis of the Motor System and Movement Disorders
- Cortical areas
- Subcortical areas: The cerebellum and basal ganglia
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 12. Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes
- Subdivisions of the Frontal Lobes
- The Lateral Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory
- Distinguishing between stored knowledge and activated information
- Working memory versus associative memory
- The Prefrontal Cortex Participates in Other Memory Domains
- The frontal lobes and the temporal organization of memory
- Source memory
- Component Analysis of Prefrontal Cortex
- Content-based accounts of functional specialization within lateral prefrontal function
- Process-based accounts of functional specialization within lateral prefrontal function
- The selection of task-relevant information
- Goal-Oriented Behavior
- Planning and selecting an action
- The anterior cingulate as a monitoring system
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 13. Emotion
- Issues in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion
- Defining emotion
- Manipulating and measuring emotion
- Emotion and cognition
- Neural Systems in Emotional Processing
- Early concepts: The limbic system
- Orbitofrontal cortex
- Amygdala
- Laterality
- Emotional communication
- Affective style
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 14. Evolutionary Perspectives
- Evolution of the Brain
- The historical underpinning of contemporary evolutionary neurobiology
- Modern evolutionary neurobiology: Assumptions and aims
- First Principles
- Evolutionary mechanisms
- The Comparative Approach
- The scale of nature revisited
- Adaptation and the Brain
- Adaptations at multiple brain levels
- Sexual selection and evolutionary pressures on behavior
- Sexual abilities and spatial abilities
- Evolution and physiology
- Adaptive specializations and learning mechanisms
- Evolutionary Insights into Human Brain Organization
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 15. Development and Plasticity
- The Shaping of the Brain
- Perceptual and Cognitive Development
- A classic theory of cognitive development
- Development of visual cognition--Object recognition
- Development of the human attention system
- Language acquisition during development
- Summary of cognitive development
- Development of the Nervous System
- Overview of gross development
- Genesis of the cerebral cortex
- Birth of new neurons throughout life
- Postnatal brain development
- Summary of cortical development
- Plasticity in the Nervous System
- Plasticity in the normal adult brain
- Reorganization in human cortex
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- 16. The Problem of Consciousness
- Philosophical Perspectives
- Conscious Versus Unconscious Processing
- The extent of subconscious processing
- Gaining access to consciousness
- Neurons, Neuronal Groups, and Conscious Experience
- The Emergence of the Brain Interpreter in the Human Species
- Is consciousness a uniquely human experience?
- Left- and right-hemisphere consciousness
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Thought Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Glossary
- References
- Acknowledgments and Credits
- Index
