Acoustic characterization of contrast agents for medical ultrasound imaging /
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| Author / Creator: | Hoff, Lars. |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. |
| Description: | xxi, 207 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/4733844 |
Table of Contents:
- Preface
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Symbols and Abbreviations
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Medical Ultrasound Imaging and Contrast Agents
- 1.2. Underwater Acoustics and Bubbles
- 1.3. Scope of this Book
- 1.4. Medical Applications
- 1.4.1. Ethical Aspects
- 1.5. Overview of the Book
- 2. The Bubble as a Linear Oscillator
- 2.1. Some Comments Regarding Scale and Dimensions
- 2.2. Rayleigh-scatter
- 2.3. The Bubble as an Oscillator
- 2.3.1. Equation of Motion for the Bubble
- 2.3.2. Scatter and Absorption
- 2.3.3. Attenuation
- 2.3.4. Speed of Sound in a Bubbly Liquid
- 2.4. Gas Bubble in a Shell
- 3. Nonlinear Bubble Theory
- 3.1. Nonlinear Acoustics in Diagnostic Ultrasound
- 3.1.1. Nonlinearity in Liquids with and without Bubbles
- 3.1.2. Linear and Nonlinear Systems
- 3.1.3. Bubble Detection Based on Nonlinear Acoustics
- 3.2. Equations of Motion for the Liquid
- 3.2.1. Incompressible Liquid: The Rayleigh-Plesset Equation
- 3.2.2. Linear Propagation I: Trilling Model
- 3.2.3. Linear Propagation II: Keller-Miksis Model
- 3.2.4. Comparison between the Liquid Models
- 3.3. Viscous Damping in the Liquid
- 3.3.1. Incompressible Liquid
- 3.3.2. Compressible Liquid: Acoustic Approximation
- 3.4. Pressure Difference across a Spherical Shell
- 3.4.1. Shell Elasticity
- 3.4.2. Comments and Alternative Shell Models
- 3.4.3. Shell Viscosity
- 3.4.4. Summary: Tension across the Shell
- 3.5. Pressure in the Gas
- 3.6. Boundary Condition: Pressure at the Bubble Surface
- 3.7. Equations in Dimensionless Variables
- 3.7.1. Pressure at the Bubble Surface
- 3.7.2. Rayleigh-Plesset Model
- 3.7.3. Trilling Model
- 3.7.4. Keller-Miksis Model
- 3.7.5. Modified Rayleigh-Plesset Model
- 3.7.6. Reconstitution of Dimensional Variables
- 4. Measurement Systems
- 4.1. Acoustic Attenuation
- 4.1.1. Measurement of Attenuation Spectra
- 4.1.2. Sensitivity to Hydrostatic Pressure
- 4.2. Acoustic Backscatter
- 5. Estimation of Shell Material Properties
- 5.1. Composition of the Microbubbles
- 5.2. Theory
- 5.2.1. Church's Model for Albunex: Comparison with the Models of Chapter 3
- 5.2.2. Linearization
- 5.2.3. Acoustic Attenuation and Scatter
- 5.2.4. Thermal and Acoustic Damping
- 5.3. Results
- 5.3.1. Size Distribution
- 5.3.2. Acoustic Attenuation Spectra
- 5.3.3. Estimation of Shell Parameters
- 5.4. Some Calculations Based on the Results
- 5.4.1. Damping Constants
- 5.4.2. Microbubble Stiffness
- 5.4.3. Resonance Frequency and Scattering Cross Section
- 5.5. Discussion
- 5.5.1. Shell Thickness
- 5.6. Summary
- 6. Comparison Between Contrast Agents
- 6.1. Properties of the Three Agents
- 6.1.1. Size Distributions
- 6.1.2. Acoustic Attenuation Spectra
- 6.2. Estimates for Shell Material Properties
- 6.2.1. Albunex
- 6.2.2. Sonazoid
- 6.3. Sensitivity to Hydrostatic Pressure
- 6.3.1. Polymeric Microbubbes
- 6.3.2. Sonazoid
- 6.4. Velocity Dispersion
- 6.4.1. Calculation of Phase Velocity
- 6.4.2. Measured Dispersion
- 6.5. Theoretical Calculations Based on the Results
- 6.5.1. Resonance Frequency and Bulk Modulus
- 6.5.2. Scattering Cross Section
- 6.5.3. Damping Constants
- 6.6. Summary: Comparison between the Agents
- 7. Scatter at Higher Harmonics
- 7.1. Experimental Setup
- 7.1.1. Transmit Pulses
- 7.1.2. Receiver Characteristics
- 7.2. Results
- 7.2.1. Received Spectra
- 7.2.2. Simulated Spectra
- 7.3. Simulated Bubble Radius and Bubble Destruction
- 7.4. Discussion
- 7.5. Conclusion
- 8. Simulations of Nonlinear Bubble Response
- 8.1. Implementation of Nonlinear Bubble Models
- 8.1.1. Simulation Parameters
- 8.2. Pulse Inversion
- 8.2.1. Results of Simulations
- 8.2.2. Summary and Comments
- 8.3. Subharmonic Oscillations
- 8.3.1. Simulations of Subharmonic Response
- 8.3.2. Comments and Relation to Earlier Results
- 8.3.3. Pulse Responses
- 8.3.4. Difference between Pulse and CW Responses
- 9. Summary and Conclusions
- References
