Elements of molecular neurobiology.

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:	Smith, C. U. M. (Christopher Upham Murray)
Edition:	3rd ed.
Imprint:	Chichester, West Sussex ; Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, c2002.
Description:	xvi, 613 p. ; 26 cm.
Language:	English
Subject:	Molecular neurobiology. Neurobiology. Molecular Biology. Molecular neurobiology.
Format:	Print Book
URL for this record:	http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/4776613

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ISBN:	0470843535 (case) 0471560383 (paper)

Table of Contents:

Preface
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
1. Introductory Orientation
1.1. Outline of Nervous Systems
1.2. Vertebrate Nervous Systems
1.3. Cells of the Nervous Systems
1.3.1. Neurons
1.3.2. Glia
1.4. Organisation of Synapses
1.5. Organisation of Neurons in the Brain
2. The Conformation of Informational Macromolecules
2.1. Proteins
2.1.1. Primary Structure
2.1.2. Secondary Structure
2.1.3. Tertiary Structure
2.1.4. Quaternary Structure
2.1.5. Molecular Chaperones
2.2. Nucleic Acids
2.2.1. DNA
2.2.2. RNA
2.3. Conclusion
3. Information Processing in Cells
3.1. The Genetic Code
3.2. Replication
3.3. 'DNA Makes RNA and RNA Makes Protein'
3.3.1. Transcription
3.3.2. Post-transcriptional Processing
3.3.3. Translation
Box 3.1. Antisense and triplex oligonucleotides
3.4. Control of the Expression of Genetic Information
3.4.1. Genomic Control
3.4.2. Transcriptional Control
Box 3.2. Oncogenes, protooncogenes and IEGs
3.4.3. Post-transcriptional Control
3.4.4. Translational Control
3.4.5. Post-translational Control
3.5. Conclusion
4. Molecular Evolution
4.1. Mutation
4.1.1. Point Mutations
4.1.2. Proof-reading and Repair Mechanisms
4.1.3. Chromosomal Mutations
4.2. Protein Evolution
4.2.1. Evolutionary Development of Protein Molecules and Phylogenetic Relationships
4.2.2. Evolutionary Relationships of Different Proteins
4.2.3. Evolution by Differential Post-transcriptional and Post-translational Processing: the Opioids and Other Neuroactive Peptides
4.3. Conclusion
5. Manipulating Biomolecules
5.1. Restriction Endonucleases
5.2. Separation of Restriction Fragments
5.3. Restriction Maps
5.4. Recombination
5.5. Cloning
5.5.1. Plasmids
5.5.2. Phage
5.5.3. Cosmids
5.5.4. Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs)
5.5.5. Yeast Artifical Chromosomes (YACs)
5.6. Isolating Bacteria Containing Recombinant Plasmids or Phage
5.7. The 'Shotgun' Construction of 'Genomic' Gene Libraries
5.8. A Technique for Finding a Gene in the Library
5.9. Construction of a 'cDNA' Gene Library
5.10. Fishing for Genes in a cDNA Library
5.11. Positional Cloning
5.12. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
5.13. Sequence Analysis of DNA
5.14. Prokaryotic Expression Vectors for Eukaryotic DNA
5.15. Xenopus Oocyte as an Expression Vector for Membrane Proteins
5.16. Site-directed Mutagenesis
5.17. Gene Targeting and Knockout Genetics
5.18. Targeted Gene Expression
5.19. Hybridisation Histochemistry
5.20. DNA Chips
5.21. Conclusion
6. Genomics
6.1. Some History
6.2. Methodology
6.3. Salient Features of the Human Genome
6.4. The Genes of Neuropathology
6.5. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
6.6. Other Genomes
6.7. Conclusion
7. Biomembranes
7.1. Lipids
7.1.1. Phospholipids
7.1.2. Glycolipids
7.1.3. Cholesterol
7.2. Membrane Order and Fluidity
7.3. Membrane Asymmetry
7.4. Proteins
7.5. Mobility of Membrane Proteins
7.6. Synthesis of Biomembranes
7.7. Myelin and Myelination
7.8. The Submembranous Cytoskeleton
7.9. Junctions Between Cells
7.9.1. Tight Junctions
7.9.2. Gap Junctions
7.10. Gap Junctions and Neuropathology
7.10.1. Deafness
7.10.2. Cataract
7.10.3. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (Type 2) Disease
7.10.4. Spreading Hyperexcitability (Epilepsy) and Hypoexcitability (Spreading Depression)
7.11. Conclusion and Forward Look
8. G-protein-coupled Receptors
8.1. Messengers and Receptors
8.2. The 7TM Serpentine Receptors
8.3. G-proteins
Box 8.1. The GTPase superfamily
8.4. G-protein Collision-coupling Systems
8.5. Effectors and Second Messengers
8.5.1. Adenylyl Cyclases
8.5.2. PIP[subscript 2]-phospholipase (Phospholipase C-[beta])
8.6. Synaptic Significance of 'Collision-coupling' Systems
8.7. Networks of G-protein Signalling Systems
8.8. The Adrenergic Receptor (AR)
8.9. The Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor (mAChR)
8.10. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs)
8.11. Neurokinin Receptors (NKRs)
8.12. Cannabinoid Receptors (CBRs)
8.13. Rhodopsin
8.14. Cone Opsins
8.15. Conclusion
9. Pumps
9.1. Energetics
9.2. The Na[superscript +] + K[superscript +] Pump
9.3. The Calcium Pump
Box 9.1. Calmodulin
9.4. Other Pumps and Transport Mechanisms
9.5. Conclusion
10. Ligand-gated Ion Channels
10.1. The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
10.1.1. Structure
10.1.2. Function
10.1.3. Development
10.1.4. Pathologies
10.1.5. CNS Acetylcholine Receptors
Box 10.1. Evolution of the nAChRs
10.2. The GABA[subscript A] Receptor
10.2.1. Pathology
10.3. The Glycine Receptor
10.4. Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors (iGluRs)
10.4.1. AMPA Receptors
10.4.2. KA Receptors
10.4.3. NMDA Receptors
Box 10.2. The inositol triphosphate (IP[subscript 3] or InsP[subscript 3]) receptor
10.5. Purinoceptors
10.6. Conclusion
11. Voltage-gated Channels
11.1. The KcsA Channel
11.2. Neuronal K[superscript +] Channels
11.2.1. 2TM(1P) Channels; Kir Channels
11.2.2. 4TM(2P) Channels; K[superscript +] Leak Channels
11.2.3. 6TM(1P) Channels; K[subscript v] Channels
Box 11.1. Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels
11.3. Ca[superscript 2+] Channels
11.3.1. Structure
11.3.2. Diversity
11.3.3. Biophysics
11.4. Na[superscript +] Channels
11.4.1. Structure
11.4.2. Diversity
11.4.3. Biophysics
11.5. Ion Selectivity and Voltage Sensitivity
11.5.1. Ion Selectivity
11.5.2. Voltage Sensitivity
11.6. Voltage-Sensitive Chloride Channels
11.6.1. ClC Channels
11.6.2. Cln Channels
11.6.3. Phospholemman
11.7. Channelopathies
11.7.1. Potassium Channels
11.7.2. Calcium Channels
11.7.3. Sodium Channels
11.7.4. Chloride Channels
11.8. Evolution of Ion Channels
11.9. Conclusion and Forward Look
12. Resting Potentials and Cable Conduction
12.1. Measurement of the Resting Potential
12.2. The Origin of the Resting Potential
12.3. Electrotonic Potentials and Cable Conduction
12.3.1. Length
12.3.2. Diameter
12.4. Conclusion
13. Sensory Transduction
13.1. Chemoreceptors
13.1.1. Chemosensitivity in Prokaryocytes
13.1.2. Chemosensitivity in Vertebrates
13.2. Photoreceptors
Box 13.1. Retinitis pigmentosa
13.3. Mechanoreceptors
13.3.1. A Prokaryote Mechanoreceptor
13.3.2. Mechanosensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans
13.3.3. Mechanosensitivity in Vertebrates: Hair Cells
13.4. Conclusion
14. The Action Potential
14.1. Voltage-clamp Analyses
14.2. Patch-clamp Analyses
14.3. Propagation of the Action Potential
Box 14.1. Early history of the impulse
14.4. Initiation of the Impulse
Box 14.2. Switching off neurons by manipulating K[superscript +] channels
14.5. Rate of Propagation
14.6. Conclusion
15. The Neuron as a Secretory Cell
15.1. Neurons and Secretions
15.2. Synthesis in the Perikaryon
15.2.1. Co-translational Insertion
15.2.2. The Golgi Body and Post-translational Modification
15.3. Transport Along the Axon
15.3.1. Microfilaments
15.3.2. Intermediate Filaments (IFs)
Box 15.1. Subcellular geography of protein biosynthesis in neurons
15.3.3. Microtubules (MTs)
15.3.4. The Axonal Cytoskeleton
15.3.5. Axoplasmic Transport Summarised
15.4. Exocytosis and Endocytosis at the Synaptic Terminal
15.4.1. Vesicle Mustering
15.4.2. The Ca[superscript 2+] Trigger
15.4.3. Vesicle Docking
15.4.4. Transmitter Release
15.4.5. Dissociation of Fusion Complex and Retrieval and Reconstitution of Vesicle Membrane
15.4.6. Refilling of Vesicle
Box 15.2. Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters
15.4.7. Termination of Transmitter Release
15.4.8. Modulation of Release
15.5. Conclusion
16. Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
16.1. Acetylcholine
Box 16.1. Criteria for neurotransmitters
16.2. Amino Acids
16.2.1. Excitatory Amino Acids (EAAs): Glutamic Acid and Aspartic Acid
16.2.2. Inhibitory Amino Acids (IAAs): [gamma]-Aminobutyric Acid and Glycine
Box 16.2. Otto Loewi and vagusstoff
16.3. Serotonin (=5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)
16.4. Catecholamines
16.4.1. Dopamine (DA)
16.4.2. Noradrenaline (=Norepinephrine, NE)
16.5. Purines
16.6. Cannabinoids
Box 16.3. Reuptake neurotransmitter transporters
16.7. Peptides
16.7.1. Substance P
16.7.2. Enkephalins
16.8. Cohabitation of Peptides and Non-peptides
16.9. Nitric Oxide (NO)
16.10. Conclusion
17. The Postsynaptic Cell
17.1. Synaptosomes
17.2. The Postsynaptic Density
17.3. Electrophysiology of the Postsynaptic Membrane
17.3.1. The Excitatory Synapse
Box 17.1. Cajal, Sherrington and the beginnings of synaptology
17.3.2. The Inhibitory Synapse
17.3.3. Interaction of EPSPs and IPSPs
17.4. Ion Channels in the Postsynaptic Membrane
17.5. Second Messenger Control of Ion Channels
17.6. Second Messenger Control of Gene Expression
17.7. The Pinealocyte
17.8. Conclusion and Forward Look
18. Developmental Genetics of the Brain
18.1. Introduction: 'Ontology Recapitulates Phylogeny'
18.2. Establishing an Anteroposterior (A-P) Axis in Drosophila
18.3. Initial Subdivision of the Drosophila Embryo
18.4. The A-P Axis in Vertebrate Central Nervous Systems
18.5. Segmentation Genes in Mus musculus
18.6. Homeosis and Homeotic Mutations
18.7. Homeobox Genes
18.8. Homeobox Genes and the Early Development of the Brain
18.9. POU Genes and Neuronal Differentiation
18.10. Sequential Expression Of Transcription Factors in Drosophila CNS
18.11. Pax-6: Developmental Genetics of Eyes and Olfactory Systems
18.12. Other Genes Involved in Neuronal Differentiation
18.13. Conclusion
19. Epigenetics of the Brain
19.1. The Origins of Neurons and Glia
19.2. Neural Stem Cells
19.3. Tracing Neuronal Lineages
19.3.1. Retrovirus Tagging
19.3.2. Enhancer Trapping
19.4. Morphogenesis of Neurons
19.5. Morphogenesis of the Drosophila Compound Eye
19.6. Growth Cones
19.7. Pathfinding
Box 19.1. Eph receptors and ephrins
19.8. Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)
19.9. Growth Factors and Differential Survival
Box 19.2. Neurotransmitters as growth factors
19.10. Morphopoietic Fields
19.11. Functional Sculpting
19.12. Conclusion
20. Memory
20.1. Some Definitions
20.1.1. Classical Conditioning
20.1.2. Operant Conditioning
20.2. Short- and Long-term Memory
20.2.1. Relation Between STM and LTM
20.3. Where is the Memory Trace Located?
20.4. Invertebrate Systems
20.4.1. Thermal Conditioning in C. elegans
20.4.2. Drosophila
20.4.3. Aplysia and the Molecular Biology of Memory
20.5. The Memory Trace in Mammals
20.5.1. Post-tetanic Potentiation and Long-term Potentiation
20.5.2. Fibre Pathways in the Hippocampus
20.5.3. Perforant and Schaffer Collateral Fibres
20.5.4. The CRE Site Again
20.5.5. Mossy Fibre Pathway
20.5.6. Histology
20.5.7. Non-genomic Mechanisms
Box 20.1. Dendritic spines
20.6. Conclusion
21. Some Pathologies
21.1. Neuroses, Psychoses and the Mind/Brain Dichotomy
21.2. Prions and Prion Diseases
21.3. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
21.4. Fragile X Syndrome (FraX)
21.5. Neurofibromatoses
21.6. Motor Neuron Disease (MND)
21.7. Huntington's Disease (=Chorea) (HD)
21.8. Depression
21.8.1. Endogenous Depression
21.8.2. Exogenous Depression
21.8.3. Neurochemistry of Depression
21.8.4. Stress and Depression
21.9. Parkinson's Disease (PD)
Box 21.1. [alpha]-Synuclein
21.10. Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
21.10.1. Diagnosis
21.10.2. Aetiology
21.10.3. Molecular Pathology
21.10.4. Environmental Influences: Aluminium
21.10.5. The BAPtist Proposal: an Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis
21.10.6. Therapy
21.11. Conclusion
Appendix 1. Molecules and Consciousness
Appendix 2. Units
Appendix 3. Data
Appendix 4. Genes
Appendix 5. Physical Models of Ion Conduction and Gating
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Glossary
Bibliography
Index of Neurological Disease
Index

Elements of molecular neurobiology.

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