How landscapes change : human disturbance and ecosystem fragmentation in the Americas /

How landscapes change : human disturbance and ecosystem fragmentation in the Americas /

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Bibliographic Details
Imprint:Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2003.
Description:xxi, 361 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 24 cm.
Language:English
Series:Ecological studies ; vol. 162
Ecological studies ; v. 162.
Subject:
Fragmented landscapes -- America.
Ecological disturbances -- America.
Nature -- Effect of human beings on -- America.
Ecological disturbances.
Fragmented landscapes.
Nature -- Effect of human beings on.
America.
Format: Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/4836102
Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:Bradshaw, G. A. (Gay A.), 1959-
Marquet, P. A. (Pablo A.), 1963-
Ronnenberg, Kathryn L.
ISBN:3540436979 (alk. paper)
Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
Table of Contents:
  • Introduction
  • 1. Background
  • 2. Why the Americas?
  • 3. Why Ecosystem Fragmentation?
  • References
  • Part I. Causes and Processes of Landscape Fragmentation
  • 1. Biodiversity and Human Intervention During the Last 11,000 Years in North-Central Chile
  • 1.1. Introduction
  • 1.2. Principal Phases of Human-Environment Interaction in North-Central Chile
  • 1.2.1. Biodiversity Changes at the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition
  • 1.2.2. Camelid Domestication During the Mid-Holocene: the Rise of a New Human-Environment Interaction
  • 1.2.3. The Transition from Mid-Holocene to Modern Climate: Pastoralism and Agricultural Changes
  • 1.2.4. Changes During the Historic Period (16th-20th Centuries)
  • References
  • 2. Beyond Malthus and Perverse Incentives: Economic Globalization, Forest Conversion and Habitat Fragmentation
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. Demographic Pressures
  • 2.3. Perverse Incentives and Market Failures
  • 2.4. Economic Globalization
  • 2.5. The Case of Chiapas
  • 2.6. Chile - The Model of Economic Liberalization
  • 2.7. Economic Globalization Effects on Forest Conversion and Habitat Fragmentation
  • 2.8. Conclusion
  • References
  • 3. Forest Fragmentation and Biodiversity in Central Amazonia
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Forest Fragmentation and Theory
  • 3.3. Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project History and Study Sites
  • 3.4. Ecological Consequences of Forest Fragmentation
  • 3.4.1. Area and Insularization
  • 3.4.2. Edge Creation
  • 3.4.3. Matrix Habitat and Landscape Configuration
  • 3.5. Forest Fragmentation and Land Management
  • References
  • 4. Climatic and Human Influences on Fire Regimes in Temperate Forest Ecosystems in North and South America
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.1.1. Overview of Climate
  • 4.1.2. Lightning
  • 4.1.3. Vegetation Patterns
  • 4.2. Relation of Climate to Fire Regimes
  • 4.2.1. General Patterns
  • 4.2.2. Overview of Fire Disturbance Patterns in Western North America
  • 4.2.2.1. Yellowstone Region
  • 4.2.2.2. Colorado Front Range
  • 4.2.3. Current State of Knowledge for Northern Patagonia
  • 4.3. Anthropogenic Influences on Fire Regimes - Land Use and Fire Regimes in the Rocky Mountain Region and Northern Patagonia
  • 4.3.1. Native American Period
  • 4.3.2. The Euro-American Settlement Phase
  • 4.3.3. Modern Land-Use Period
  • 4.4. Effects of Fire on Landscape Patterns
  • 4.5. Summary
  • 4.6. Research Needs
  • References
  • 5. Natural Versus Anthropogenic Sources of Amazonian Biodiversity: the Continuing Quest for El Dorado
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Significant Characteristics of the Amazonian Environment
  • 5.3. Evidence for Dense Pre-Columbian Populations
  • 5.3.1. Botanical Evidence
  • 5.3.2. Ethnohistorical Evidence
  • 5.3.3. Archeological Evidence
  • 5.3.3.1. Earthworks
  • 5.3.3.2. Habitation Sites
  • 5.3.4. Ethnographic Evidence
  • 5.4. Conclusions
  • References
  • Part II. Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Fragmentation
  • 6. Bees Not to Be? Responses of Insect Pollinator Faunas and Flower Pollination to Habitat Fragmentation
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Patterns of Change in Pollinator Faunas Due to Habitat Fragmentation
  • 6.3. Mechanisms and Processes Behind Changes in Pollinator Faunas
  • 6.4. Scale Considerations
  • 6.5. Pollination and Habitat Fragmentation
  • 6.6. Concluding Remarks and Research Needs
  • References
  • 7. Implications of Evolutionary and Ecological Dynamics to the Genetic Analysis of Fragmentation
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Post-Fragmentation. A Comparison of Fragmentation Genetics in the Western Australian Wheat Belt and the Rainforests of the Wet Tropics
  • 7.2.1. Study Areas
  • 7.2.2. Study Species
  • 7.2.3. Methodology
  • 7.2.4. Results
  • 7.3. Pre-Fragmentation. An Alternative Perspective on Genetic Structure of Natural Populations
  • 7.3.1. Three Sympatric Amazonian Rodents: Contrasting Genetic Structures
  • 7.3.2. Yellow-Footed Rock Wallabies: a Naturally Patchily Distributed Species
  • 7.3.3. Eucalyptus argutifolia: Clonal Reproduction and Fragmentation
  • 7.4. A Final Theoretical Consideration
  • 7.5. Conclusion
  • References
  • 8. Forest Fragmentation, Plant Regeneration and Invasion Processes Across Edges in Central Chile
  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. Edge Effect and the Invasion of Pinus radiata into Temperate Forests of Central Chile
  • 8.3. Results
  • 8.4. Discussion
  • 8.5. A Graphic Model
  • 8.6. Model Application
  • 8.6.1. Recruitment of Native Trees
  • 8.6.2. Recruitment of Monterrey Pine
  • 8.7. General Conclusions
  • 8.8. Appendix
  • References
  • 9. The Ecological Consequences of a Fragmentation-Mediated Invasion: The Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile, in Southern California
  • 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.2. Methods
  • 9.2.1. Ant Communities of Coastal Scrub Fragments in Southern California
  • 9.2.2. The Effects of Argentine Ants on Coastal Horned Lizard Diet
  • 9.3. Results
  • 9.3.1. Ant Communities of Coastal Scrub Fragments in Southern California
  • 9.3.2. The Effects of Argentine Ants on Coastal Horned Lizard Diet
  • 9.4. Discussion
  • 9.4.1. Local Extinction of Native Ground-Foraging Ants
  • 9.4.2. Diet and Prey Preference in Coastal Horned Lizards
  • 9.5. Conclusions and Implications for Reserve Management
  • References
  • Part III. Ecosystem Fragmentation: Theory, Methods, and Implications for Conservation
  • 10. A Review and Synthesis of Conceptual Frameworks for the Study of Forest Fragmentation
  • 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.2. Evolution of Studies on the Effects of Forest Fragmentation: Empirical Evidence and Conceptual Frameworks
  • 10.3. A Comprehensive Framework
  • 10.3.1. The Process of Fragmentation
  • 10.3.2. Effects of Fragmentation on Animal Populations
  • 10.4. Framing the Evidence
  • References
  • 11. Reflections on Landscape Experiments and Ecological Theory: Tools for the Study of Habitat Fragmentation
  • 11.1. Introduction
  • 11.2. Theoretical Context
  • 11.2.1. Area Effects
  • 11.2.2. Dispersal Effects
  • 11.2.3. Heterogeneous Landscape Effects
  • 11.2.4. Interspecific Interaction and Food Web Effects
  • 11.3. What Is a Fragmentation Experiment?
  • 11.4. Why Do Experiments on Fragmentation?
  • 11.5. A Global Survey of Fragmentation Experiments
  • 11.6. A Case Study: The Kansas Experimentally Fragmented Landscape
  • 11.6.1. Core Findings, 1985-1990
  • 11.6.2. Core Findings, 1991-Present
  • 11.7. Limitations in Experimental Fragmentation Studies
  • 11.8. Conclusions
  • References
  • 12. Spatial Autocorrelation, Dispersal and the Maintenance of Source-Sink Populations
  • 12.1. Introduction
  • 12.2. Spatial Autocorrelation
  • 12.3. Models and Methods
  • 12.3.1. Population Processes
  • 12.3.2. Landscape Model
  • 12.3.3. Dispersal Model
  • 12.3.4.. Modeling Scenarios
  • 12.4. Results and Discussion
  • 12.5. Management Implications
  • 12.6. Appendix A: Mathematical Models
  • 12.6.1. Fractal Landscapes
  • 12.6.2. Stochastic Landscape Networks
  • 12.7. Appendix B: Statistical Analysis and Results
  • References
  • 13. Patch Dynamics, Habitat Degradation and Space in Metapopulations
  • 13.1. Introduction
  • 13.2. Levins' Original Model
  • 13.3. Incorporating Patch Dynamics and Habitat Degradation (Model 2)
  • 13.4. The Invasion Threshold
  • 13.5. The Threshold Parameter in Levins' Metapopulation Model
  • 13.6. Threshold Parameters for Model 2
  • 13.7. A Spatially Explicit Metapopulation Model
  • 13.8. Spatial Habitat Dynamics
  • 13.9. The Interaction Between Metapopulation Dynamics and Habitat Dynamics
  • References
  • 14. How Much Functional Redundancy Is Out There, or, Are We Willing to Do Away with Potential Backup Species?
  • 14.1. The Issue
  • 14.2. Soft Evidence for Redundancy
  • 14.3. Somewhat Harder Evidence for Redundancy
  • 14.4. How Will We Know What Is Redundant?
  • 14.5. What If Backup Species Are Necessary for Ecosystem Persistence?
  • References
  • 15. Predicting Distributions of South American Migrant Birds in Fragmented Environments: A Possible Approach Based on Climate
  • 15.1. Introduction
  • 15.2. Methods
  • 15.3. Results
  • 15.3.1. Sterna maxima
  • 15.3.2. Colorhamphus parvirostris
  • 15.3.3. Serpophaga griseiceps
  • 15.3.4. Myiarchus swainsoni swainsoni and Myiarchus swainsoni ferocior
  • 15.3.5. Elaenia strepera
  • 15.3.6. Elaenia chiriquensis albivertex
  • 15.3.7. Sporophila lineola
  • 15.3.8. Elaenia albiceps chilensis
  • 15.4. Discussion
  • References
  • 16. Habitat Heterogeneity on a Forest-Savanna Ecotone in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park (Santa Cruz, Bolivia): Implications for the Long-Term Conservation of Biodiversity in a Changing Climate
  • 16.1. Introduction
  • 16.2. Climatic Stress
  • 16.3. Geomorphology
  • 16.4. Fire
  • 16.5. Flooding
  • 16.6. Succession on the Savanna-Forest Interface
  • 16.7. Direct Evidence for Past Climate Change
  • 16.8. Conservation Issues
  • References
  • 17. Bandages for Wounded Landscapes: Faunal Corridors and Their Role in Wildlife Conservation in the Americas
  • 17.1. Introduction
  • 17.2. Considerations in Corridor Design
  • 17.2.1. Corridor Width
  • 17.2.2. Corridor Length
  • 17.2.3. Faunal Stepping Stones
  • 17.2.4. Primary Versus Secondary Habitat
  • 17.2.5. Topographic Position
  • 17.2.6. Nonterrestrial Corridors
  • 17.3. Design and Management of Faunal Corridors
  • 17.3.1. Conclusions About Corridor Effectiveness
  • 17.3.2. Guidelines and Principles for Corridor Design
  • 17.3.3. Proactive Landscape Management
  • References
  • 18. Management of the Semi-Natural Matrix
  • 18.1. Introduction
  • 18.2. Definition
  • 18.3. Land Area and Use
  • 18.4. Role in Conservation
  • 18.5. Case Study: Temperate Ecosystems--Conflicts Between Traditional Conservation Goals and Management of the Matrix
  • 18.6. Management Goals and Methods
  • 18.7. Priorities
  • 18.8. Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • Human Disturbance and Ecosystem Fragmentation in the Americas Synthesis and Final Reflections
  • How Landscapes Change: The Need of a Framework for Understanding
  • Humans and Landscape Changes in the Americas: A Plea for Integration
  • Fragmentation in the Americas: On the Road to Ecosystem Disruption?
  • What to do next
  • References
  • Subject Index
Purchased from the Henry Gradle Memorial Fund for the John Crerar Library bookplate
The John Crerar Library bookplate

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