DNA vaccines /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:	Ertl, Hildegund C. J.
Imprint:	Georgetown, Tex. : Landes Bioscience/Eurekah.com ; New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2003.
Description:	355 p. : ill.
Language:	English
Series:	Medical intelligence unit ; 35
Subject:	Vaccines, DNA -- immunology. Vaccines, DNA -- pharmacokinetics. Vaccines, DNA -- therapeutic use. Antigen-Presenting Cells -- immunology. Cytokines -- immunology. DNA vaccines.
Format:	Print Book
URL for this record:	http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/4872831

Hidden Bibliographic Details
ISBN:	0306474441
Notes:	Includes bibliographical references and index.

Table of Contents:

Preface
1.. Overview of Vaccinology in Historic and Future Perspective: The Whence and Whither of a Dynamic Science with Complex Dimensions
Abstract
History of Disease, Science and Vaccines to 1875
Enlightened Empiricism, 1875-1930
Pre-modern Era: Transition, War and Recovery
Modern Era Vaccines, Review and Highlights
Contemporary Era (in Retrospect, 1990-2000): Vaccine Quiesence During a Time of Explosion in New Scientific Knowledge
The Future Will Be Driven by New Science and Technology
Future Utilization of Vaccines in a World of Change
Science and the Social Contract
Cooperation between Academia and Industry in Creating New Products for the Public
A Call to the Vaccine Research Enterprise
Recombinant DNA Vaccines
2.. Dendritic Cells: Important Adjuvants During DNA Vaccination
Abstract
Dendritic Cells as Effective Initiators of T Cell-Immunity
Dendritic Cell Maturation: A Control Point for Initiating Immunity in Tissue Culture
Dendritic Cells as Nature's Adjuvant
Human DCs Control the Quality of the Immune Response: New Findings from Studies in Humans
Other Types of Immune Responses and Subsets of DCs
Some Mechanisms Underlying DC Function
DCs as Mediators of DNA Vaccination
Conclusion
3.. Activation of the Innate Immune System by DNA Vaccines
Introduction
Toll-Like Receptors and Their Ligands
Recognition of Bacterial DNA by TLR9
Summary
4.. Induction of B Cells by DNA Vaccines
Introduction
The Initiation of Humoral Immunity
DNA-Based Vaccines
Gene Gun Delivery of Microparticles
Antigen Presentation Following Gene Gun Immunizations
Site of Induction of B Cell Responses Following Gene Gun Delivery of DNA
T Helper Functions Involved in Early B Cell Responses
Enhancement of B Cell Activation Following in vivo Expression of Human Fc-Fusion Proteins Using DNA-Based Immunization
Germinal Centers
Responsiveness of Neonatal B Cells
DNA Immunization of Neonates by Gene Gun
Conclusions
5.. Immune Responses to DNA Vaccines: Induction of CD8[superscript +] T Cells
CD8[superscript +] T Cells Are Important in Controlling Most Virus Infections
Antigen Presentation Pathways Determine the Type of Immune Response Mounted by the Host
Designing Vaccines Against Viruses and Bacteria
The Effector Functions Through Which CD8[superscript +] T Cells Exert Their Biological Activities
Antigenic Control of CD8[superscript +] T Cell Activation, and Effector Function
How Are CD8[superscript +] T Cells Induced Following DNA Vaccination?
Enumeration and Characterization of CD8[superscript +] T Cells Induced by DNA Immunization
CD8[superscript +] Cell Responses Induced by DNA Immunization in Humans
Enhancing CD8[superscript +] T Cell Induction by DNA Vaccines
Summary
6.. Minigene-Based Vaccines for Eliciting CD8[superscript +] T Cell Responses
Building a Better Mouse Trap
Back to Basics
Numbers Games
Take Me to Your Leader
Polydeterminant Minigenes
Minigenes in Other Vectors
An Immunological Oxymoron: Rational CD8[superscript +] T Cell-Vaccine Design
7.. DNA Vaccines Against RNA Viruses
Introduction
DNA Vaccines Against Specific RNA Viruses
Rabies Virus
Measles Virus
Respiratory Syncitial Virus
Rotavirus
Dengue Virus
Summary
8.. DNA Vaccines Against Herpesviruses
Abstract
Introduction
Use of DNA Vaccines Against Herpesviruses
Enhancing DNA Vaccines Against Herpesviruses
Immunomodulation of DNA Vaccine Induced Responses
Immunomodulation: Using DNA Vaccines to Ameliorate Immunopathology
Prime-Boost Strategies
DNA Vaccines and the Role of Cross-Priming
Conclusions and Speculations
9.. Genetic Immunization Against HIV
Worldwide Spread of HIV
Vaccines Based on the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Gene
Nucleocapsid Genes
The Polymerase Gene
HIV-1 Early and Accessory Proteins
Receptor Genes
Combination of Genes or Multigene Constructs
Small Animal Models for Measurement of Challenge
Primate Models
Improvement of Immunization Related to Protection Against HIV
Human HIV Vaccination with DNA
Structured Therapy Interruption (STI)
Summary
10.. DNA Vaccines Against Bacterial Pathogens
DNA Vaccines Against Mycobacterial Infection
DNA Vaccines Against Bacterial Diseases Other than Those Caused by Mycobacterial Species
General Conclusions
11.. DNA Vaccines as Cancer Treatment Modalities
Abstract
Introduction
Classifications of Tumor Antigens
Breast Cancer and Herceptin
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Rituxan
Additional Clinical Trials Utilizing Antibodies as Passive and Active Immunotherapeutics
DNA Vaccination
SV40 and Its Relevance to Human Infections and Cancer
SV40 Tag and Its Role as a Target Antigen for Active Immunotherapy
Animal Models for SV40 Tag Induced Tumor Immunity
SV40 Tag Cancer Vaccination Studies and the Role of Antibodies in Tumor Immunity
Tumor Immunity Mechanism Paradigm Switch Based on a DNA Vaccination Modality
More Stringent Tumor Models Demonstrate That Antibodies Are More Effective in Providing Protective Immunity
Additional Studies on DNA Immunization to Target Tumor Antigen Specific Responses
Concluding Remarks
12.. DNA Vaccines for Allergic Diseases
Abstract
Introduction
DNA Vaccines for Allergy: An Overview
Safety First
Immunogenicity: Antigen Expression and Presentation
Antigen Dose and Polarization of T Cells
Effector Mechanisms of Allergy Protection
Future Directions
13.. Immune Responses in Gene Transfer for Genetic Disorders
Introduction
Factors that Influence Immune Response to Transgene Product in Gene Transfer for Genetic Disease
14.. The Use of DNA Vaccines for Neonatal/Early Life Childhood Immunization
Abstract
The Need for Novel Antigen-Delivery Systems for Early Life Immunization
Immune Responses after Neonatal DNA Vaccination
Factors Influencing the Type of Immune Response after Neonatal DNA Administration
DNA Vaccines and Inhibition of Responses by Maternal Antibodies
Optimizing DNA Vaccination Strategies for Neonates
Conclusions and Perspectives
15.. DNA Delivery with Attenuated Intracellular Bacteria
Intracellular Bacteria: From the Pathogen to the Vaccine--An Overview
DNA Delivery versus Naked DNA Vaccination--The Pros and Cons
Intracellular Bacteria: How Do They Survive?
DNA Delivery with Intracellular Bacteria
Outlook
16.. Cytokines and Immunomodulatory Ligands as Genetic Adjuvants
Genetic Adjuvants--Definition
Classification of Cytokines
General Characteristics and Biological Functions of Cytokines, Co-Stimulatory Molecules and Other Immunomodulators
The Effects of Cytokines and Immunostimulatory Molecules on Activation of an Immune Response
The Effects of Genetic Adjuvants on the Immune Responses to DNA Vaccines
Mode of Delivery of Genetic Adjuvants
Kinetics of Delivery
Summary
17.. Chemokines: Role as Immunomodulators and Potential as Adjuvants for DNA Vaccines
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Chemokine Regulation of the Immune System
Use of Chemokines as Adjuvants for DNA Vaccines
Conclusions
18.. DNA Vaccines: Safety and Regulatory Issues
Summary
Risks from Plasmid Integration
Autoimmunity
Tolerance
Alteration of the Immune Milieu
Human Clinical Studies
Conclusions
19.. The Introduction of New DNA Vaccines into Developing Countries
Abstract
Introduction
Vaccine Research and Development
The Introduction Process
Establishment and Dissemination of Disease Burden Data and of Cost Effectiveness Computations
Vaccine Introduction Trials and Effectiveness Evaluations
Establishment of International Consensus and Recommendations for Vaccine Use
Assurance of Adequate and Cost Competitive Vaccine Supply
Creation of Funding Mechanisms
Conclusion
Index

DNA vaccines /

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