The challenge of slums : global report on human settlements, 2003 /
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| Imprint: | London ; Sterling, VA : Earthscan Publications, 2003. |
|---|---|
| Description: | xxxiv, 310 p. : ill. ; 31 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/4954838 |
Table of Contents:
- Foreword
- Introduction
- Acknowledgements
- List of Figures, Boxes and Tables
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Key Findings and Messages
- Prologue: Urban Growth and Housing
- Population Explosion and Urban Expansion
- Accommodating Growth
- The Focus of this Report
- Notes
- Part I. Sharpening the Global Development Agenda
- 1. Development Context and the Millennium Agenda
- Cities Without Slums?
- The failure of governance
- Institutional and legal failure
- The Millennium Development Agenda
- Understanding Slums
- The notion of slums
- Defining and measuring slums
- Characteristics of slums
- Lack of basic services
- Substandard housing or illegal and inadequate building structures
- Overcrowding and high density
- Unhealthy living conditions and hazardous locations
- Insecure tenure; irregular or informal settlements
- Poverty and social exclusion
- Minimum settlement size
- Operational definition of slums
- Number of slum dwellers: assessments and estimations
- Trends in numbers of slum dwellers
- Notes
- 2. Urbanization Trends and Forces Shaping Slums
- Socio-Economic Inequality
- Spatial organization and residential differentiation
- The ecological school and the neo-classical model
- Factorial ecology
- Measuring spatial inequality and separation
- Spatial concentration of poverty
- Urban form and disadvantage
- Mosaic post-modern cities in the developing world
- Measuring urban development and disadvantage
- Challenges to Sustainable Urbanization
- Demographic changes and slum formation
- Urban growth
- Rural-urban migration
- International migration
- Declining areas and depopulation
- Poverty
- Poverty and slums
- Defining poverty
- Measurement of poverty incidence
- Targeting of poverty reduction programmes
- Notes
- 3. Cities and Slums within Globalizing Economies
- Inequality and Poverty
- Inequality: a recent history
- Globalization: poverty amid affluence
- Trade, globalization and cities
- Trade theory and inequality
- Trade: the reality
- Finance, information and economic volatility
- Labour markets under free trade regimes
- Africa: economic stagnation in a globalizing world
- The Retreat of the State
- Privatization of utilities
- Structural adjustment, cities and poverty
- The Local and the Global
- Insecurity and the diffusion of the local
- Subsidiarity and the weakening of national governments
- Transurban cooperation and integration: towards new urban economies
- Slums and globalization
- Looking ahead
- Notes
- Part II. Assessing Slums in the Development Context
- 4. Social Dimensions
- Historical Context and Evolution of Social Stratification Patterns
- Views on inner-city slums
- Slums and urbanization
- Slums and capitalism
- Slums and reformism
- Are slums inevitable?
- Social diversity of contemporary slums
- Social Attributes and Functions of Slums
- Accommodation of low-cost labour
- Network for migrant absorption
- Mobilization of political power
- Environmental externalities
- Service provision
- Slums within Urban Society
- Contribution to cultural developments
- Co-location and social aspects of poverty
- Health issues
- Slums and disease
- Crime issues
- Community risk factors
- Findings of recent research on crime
- Notes
- 5. Territoriality and Spatial Forms
- Slums Formation Processes and Spatial Types
- Inner-city slums
- Slum estates
- Squatter settlements
- Illegal settlements and subdivisions
- Diversity of slums' spatial forms and associated opportunities
- Origins and Age
- Historic city-centre slums
- Slum estates
- Consolidating informal settlements
- Recent slums
- Location
- Central
- Scattered slum islands
- Peripheral
- Size and Scale
- Large slum settlements
- Medium-sized slum estates
- Small slums
- Legality, Vulnerability and Spatial Forms
- Illegal
- Informal
- Development Dynamics
- Ongoing individual and community-led development
- Intervention-led improved slums
- Upgraded slums
- Lacking community incentives for improvement
- Incipient slum creation
- Notes
- 6. Economic Dynamics
- Labour Force Growth
- The creation and distribution of income
- The global labour force
- Unemployment and underemployment
- Labour market abuses
- Informality within Urban Settings
- The informal economy
- Defining the informal sector
- The nature of informal-sector enterprises
- The reasons for the informal sector of the economy
- The scale of the informal sector
- Informal housing
- Slums in the Housing Sector
- Tenure and security: the formal-informal housing continuum
- Formal home-ownership
- Formal private rental
- Informal home-ownership: squatting
- Informal home-ownership: illegal subdivisions
- Public rental
- Informal rental
- Customary tenure
- Tenure distribution
- Slums and tenure insecurity
- Renting in slums
- Home-ownership in slums
- Land prices
- Adequacy: extent of housing disadvantage
- Networked services
- Water
- Waste management
- Adequacy of housing and inadequacy of planning
- Notes
- Part III. Searching for Adequate Policy Responses and Actions
- 7. New Policy Developments at the National and Global Levels
- Search for Affordable Alternatives at the National Level
- Public housing in developing countries
- Assisted self-build and slum-improvement programmes
- Housing capital subsidies
- Past and Present Approaches to Slums at the National and Local Levels
- Negligence
- Eviction
- Self-help and in situ upgrading
- Enabling policies
- Resettlement
- Current best practice: participatory slum improvement
- Recent Contextual Changes
- Increased inequality within and between cities
- New political influence of cities
- International Actors Dealing with Slums and Their Priorities
- Range of actors
- The shifting priorities
- Bilateral cooperation: diversity of political objectives
- Multilaterals: a growing convergence
- Inter-institutional programmes and initiatives: emphasis on slum upgrading, innovative partnerships and local development
- The Cities Alliance
- The Urban Management Programme (UMP)
- The Municipal Development Programme (MDP)
- Emerging common themes
- Integrated approaches to slums
- The promotion of partnerships and inter-institutional networks
- Decentralized cooperation
- Sectors addressed
- Urban management and finance
- Urban land management and tenure
- Service provision and delivery
- Environment and public health
- Housing delivery
- Population and social issues
- Capacity building, research activities and knowledge exchange
- Pressing Issues
- Financial constraints
- Contradictions between economic and social objectives
- Coordination and cooperation
- Notes
- 8. Civil Society in Action
- Residents in Action
- The strategies of slum households
- Inside the household
- Reciprocity and remittance
- Vulnerable households
- Community-Based Organizations in Action
- The growth and range of community-based organizations (CBOs)
- Working with CBOs
- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Action
- Defining NGOs
- The growth of NGOs
- The range and diversity of NGOs
- The increasing power and decreasing autonomy of NGOs
- Urban-Sector CBOs and NGOs
- The Challenges Faced by NGOs and CBOs
- Notes
- 9. Towards Inclusive Cities: Reconsidering Development Priorities
- Policy Issues and Strategies for Inclusive Cities
- From slum upgrading to cities without slums
- Lessons learned from past experiences of upgrading
- The Cities Without Slums action plan
- Tenure issues and access to land for the urban poor
- Security of tenure: a key to the 'inclusive city'
- Alternative approaches to security of tenure
- Diversity of situations and objectives requires diversity of responses
- Inclusive infrastructure: making the connections between transport and housing security
- Dilemmas of housing security versus access
- Resistance to displacement and negotiated outcomes
- Increasing housing choice through greater mobility for the poor
- Impacts of transport and land-use regulation
- Impacts of the location of housing for the urban poor
- Improving the livelihoods of slum dwellers
- Poverty, governance and empowerment
- Generating employment from shelter development programmes and civil works
- Mobilizing finance for urban development
- Financing slum upgrading and shelter development: current challenges
- Improving municipal finance for investment in low-income residential areas
- Improving housing finance for low-income shelter development
- Enabling Local Policy to Work
- Good urban governance and the 'inclusive city'
- Sustainability in all dimensions of urban development
- Subsidiarity of authority and resources to the closest appropriate level
- Equity of access to decision-making processes and the basic necessities of urban life
- Efficiency in the delivery of public services and in promoting local economic development
- Transparency and accountability of decision-makers and stakeholders
- Civic engagement and citizenship
- Security of individuals and their living environment
- Enhancing development potential through partnerships
- Capacity building
- Low-income households as financial and political partners
- Local businesses, city elites and local media as partners
- NGOs as partners
- Women's participation
- Self-help and management of projects
- Scaling-up and spreading the movement
- Partnerships based on trust
- Horizontal partnerships
- Effective policy coordination
- Notes
- Epilogue: Looking Forward--Moving Ahead
- Towards Cities Without Slums: Turning the Dream into Reality
- Action Needed to Tackle the Current Trends
- Notes
- Part IV. Summary of City Case Studies
- Overview of Case Studies
- Origin of Slums
- Slum Definitions
- Types of Slums
- Tenure in Slums
- Slum Dynamics
- Slum Socio-Political Characteristics
- Policy Actions Taken or Proposed
- Policy Impacts and Development Prospective
- Notes
- Case Study Highlights
- Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
- Ahmedabad, India
- Bangkok, Thailand
- Barcelona, Spain
- Beirut, Lebanon
- Bogota, Colombia
- Cairo, Egypt
- Chengdu, China
- Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Durban, South Africa
- Havana, Cuba
- Ibadan, Nigeria
- Jakarta, Indonesia
- Karachi, Pakistan
- Kolkata, India
- Los Angeles, US
- Lusaka, Zambia
- Manila, Philippines
- Mexico City, Mexico
- Moscow, Russian Federation
- Nairobi, Kenya
- Naples, Italy
- Newark, US
- Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Quito, Ecuador
- Rabat-Sale, Morocco
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Sydney, Australia
- Notes
- Part V. Statistical Annex
- Technical Notes
- Explanation of Symbols
- Country Groupings and Statistical Aggregates
- Nomenclature and Order of Presentation
- Definition of Statistical Terms
- Sources of Data
- Notes
- Methodological Notes
- Slum Dweller Estimations at the Global and Regional Levels
- The Global Urban Indicators Databases
- Notes
- Data Tables
- Regional-Level Data
- A.1. Demographic indicators
- A.2. Housing indicators
- A.3. Economic and social indicators
- Country-Level Data
- B.1. Size and growth of total population and households
- B.2. Urbanization trends, size and growth of urban and rural population
- B.3. Housing-ownership and water and toilet facilities, selected countries
- B.4. Access to improved water sources and sanitation
- B.5. Energy and transport
- B.6. Economic development indicators
- B.7. Social indicators
- City-Level Data
- C.1. Urban agglomerations: population size and growth rate
- C.2. Households' living conditions, selected cities
- C.3. Housing indicators, selected cities
- C.4. Environmental infrastructure, selected cities
- C.5. Transport and environment indicators, selected cities
- C.6. Social indicators, selected cities
- C.7. Urban governance indicators, selected cities
- References
- Index
