Landscape ecology : concepts, methods, and applications /

Landscape ecology : concepts, methods, and applications /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:Burel, Françoise.
Uniform title:Écologie du paysage. English
Imprint:Enfield, N.H. : Science Publishers, c2003.
Description:xvi, 362 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 24 cm.
Language:English
Subject:
Landscape ecology.
Landscape ecology.
Format: E-Resource Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/5082409
Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:Baudry, Jacques.
ISBN:1578082145 (pbk.)
Notes:Includes bibliographical references (p. [324]-352).
Table of Contents:
  • Acknowledgments
  • Part I. Introduction
  • 1.. Definition of a Discipline
  • 1.. Emergence of Landscape Ecology in the History of Ecology
  • 1.1.. History of ecology from its origin to the 1970s
  • 1.1.1.. Autecology
  • 1.1.2.. Synecology
  • 1.1.3.. Ecology of ecosystems
  • 1.2.. The emergence of landscape ecology
  • 1.2.1.. The first developments of landscape ecology: ecological mapping
  • 1.2.1.1.. Example of ecological mapping: Ducruc's inventory of natural resources
  • 1.2.1.2.. The geosystem
  • 1.2.2.. Environmental questions related to landscape transformation
  • 1.2.2.1.. Consequences of forest fragmentation in the United States
  • 1.2.2.2.. Changes in land use in Europe
  • 1.2.2.3.. Response of governments and the scientific community
  • 1.2.2.4.. The emergence of landscape ecology
  • 2.. Recognition of Heterogeneity in Ecological Systems
  • 2.1.. Heterogeneity depends on the nature of elements and scale on which the system is represented
  • 2.2.. Heterogeneity is a factor of organization of ecological systems
  • 2.3.. Heterogeneity is both spatial and temporal
  • 2.4.. New methods to account for heterogeneity
  • 3.. Taking Human Activities into Account in Ecological Systems
  • 3.1.. Genesis of agrarian landscapes: example of hedged farms in western France
  • 3.2.. The existing landscape structure is the result of past dynamics
  • 3.3.. Human activities are the main factor of evolution of landscapes on the global level
  • 4.. Explicit Accounting for Space and Time
  • 4.1.. Spatially explicit representation of ecological systems
  • 4.2.. Taking time into account in the analysis of ecological processes
  • 4.2.1.. Historical information needed to understand evolutionary mechanisms of "natural" systems and their management
  • 4.2.2.. Present organization may reflect past environmental conditions: ecological systems may slowly adapt to environmental changes
  • 4.2.3.. Knowledge of the initial state is fundamental to predicting the dynamics of a landscape
  • 5.. Landscape Ecology is Based on Scientific Theories Linked to Ecology and Related Disciplines
  • 5.1.. Hierarchy theory
  • 5.2.. Theories of physics of complex systems: percolation, fractal geometry
  • 5.2.1.. Theory of chaos
  • 5.2.2.. Percolation theory
  • 5.2.3.. Fractal geometry
  • 5.3.. Island biogeography theory
  • 5.4.. Theory of disturbances
  • 2.. Landscape Ecology: Definition of a Multidisciplinary Approach
  • 1.. Landscape as Understood by the Ecologist
  • 1.1.. Landscape, a central concept of many disciplines
  • 1.2.. Definitions
  • 1.3.. The scale of the landscape
  • 2.. Landscape Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Approach
  • 2.1.. Integration of the history of environment and societies: contribution of geomorphology, paleo-ecology and history
  • 2.1.1.. Major steps in the establishment of a study site
  • 2.1.1.1.. End of the Quaternary
  • 2.1.1.2.. Historical period
  • 2.1.1.3.. Present state of the site
  • 2.1.1.4.. Stages of human occupation of the marshes
  • 2.1.2.. Conclusion
  • 2.2.. Role of techniques implemented in land use: input of agronomy and anthropology
  • 2.2.1.. The agronomist's approach
  • 2.2.2.. The anthropologist's and the ethnologist's approach
  • 2.2.3.. The concept of cultural landscape
  • 2.3.. Recognition of past and recent landscape structures: contribution of geography
  • 2.4.. Ecological functions
  • 3.. Landscape Ecology: Application of Results of Fundamental Research to Conservation Biology and Land Management
  • 3.1.. Landscape ecology and landscape management
  • 3.2.. Application to land management
  • 3.3.. Applications in nature conservation
  • Part II. Landscape Structure and Dynamics
  • 3.. Analysis of Spatial Structures
  • 1.. Categories of Landscape Elements
  • 2.. From Sample Plots in a Wood to Woods in a Landscape
  • 3.. Typology of Patches and Corridors
  • 4.. Basic Concepts for Quantitative Approaches
  • 4.1.. Size of patches and fragmentation
  • 4.2.. Spatial relationships between patches: connectivity and connectedness
  • 4.3.. The entire mosaic: heterogeneity
  • 4.4.. Concepts of scale and hierarchy
  • 5.. Measurement of Heterogeneity
  • 5.1.. Formula
  • 5.2.. Properties
  • 6.. Fragmentation
  • 6.1.. Global structural approach
  • 6.2.. Fragmentation and available habitat: analytical approach
  • 6.3.. Characterization of pixels and their context
  • 6.4.. Conclusion
  • 7.. Connectedness
  • 7.1.. The corridor network
  • 7.2.. Effect of presence of wooded corridors on connectivity between groves
  • 7.3.. Analysis of connectivity by search for most permeable zones
  • 7.4.. Variation of connectivity over time in an agricultural zone
  • 7.5.. Conclusion: the many facets of connectivity and connectedness
  • 8.. Return to Scale Dependence: Contribution of Fractal Geometry
  • 8.1.. What is a fractal object?
  • 8.2.. Methods of measurement
  • 8.3.. Examples of fractals of landscape elements
  • 8.4.. Fractal dimension of resources
  • 8.5.. Fractal domains
  • 8.6.. Conclusion
  • 9.. Elements of Geostatistics
  • 10.. Typologies of Landscape Structures
  • 10.1.. Basic data
  • 10.2.. Methods
  • 10.3.. Results
  • 10.4.. Conclusion
  • 11.. General Conclusion
  • 4.. The Dynamics of Landscapes
  • 1.. Questions of Organization and Dynamics of Landscapes Stemming from Observation
  • 2.. Changes in Land Use on the Global Scale
  • 3.. Regional Approaches to Changes in Land Cover: Variations Depending on Modes of Measurement
  • 3.1.. Evolution of land cover in France in the 20th century: a variety of situations
  • 3.2.. Evaluation of evolution of land cover in western France: methodological assay
  • 3.2.1.. Statistical data
  • 3.2.2.. Representation of global trajectories of changes
  • 3.2.3.. Conclusion
  • 4.. Local Approaches to Changes in Land Cover: Importance of Spatialization
  • 4.1.. Evolution of a terrace landscape in the Mediterranean region
  • 4.1.1.. Basic data
  • 4.1.2.. Evolutions
  • 4.1.3.. Conclusion
  • 4.2.. Evolution of a bocage landscape in Lalleu (Ille-et-Vilaine)
  • 4.2.1.. The study site
  • 4.2.2.. Analyses and results
  • 4.2.3.. Conclusion
  • 4.3.. Evolution of a rice field landscape in subtropical China
  • 5.. Dynamics of Valley Landscapes: The Water Course and Its Corridors
  • 6.. Dynamics of Non-Anthropogenic Landscapes
  • 7.. Land Cover and Evolving Landscapes, a General Phenomenon
  • 5.. Organization of Landscapes
  • 1.. Categories of Models
  • 2.. The Concept of Organization
  • 2.1.. Spatial organization of the landscape mosaic
  • 2.2.. Organization of a landscape mosaic vis-a-vis other factors
  • 2.2.1.. Basis for measures of information
  • 2.2.2.. Various types of information
  • 2.3.. Example
  • 3.. Ecological Organization of Landscapes
  • 3.1.. Spatial organization of farming systems in Ottawa (Canada)
  • 3.1.1.. Basic data
  • 3.1.2.. Results
  • 3.1.3.. Concept of landscape niche
  • 3.2.. Organization of agricultural landscape in the Pays d'Auge (Normandy, France)
  • 3.2.1.. Factors of landscape organization along a transect
  • 3.2.2.. Factors of landscape organization
  • 4.. From Farming Systems to Landscape Diversity
  • 4.1.. From farms to a diversity of landscape elements
  • 4.1.1.. Diversity of permanent grasslands in the Pays d'Auge, Normandy
  • 4.1.2.. Diversity of field boundaries in the Armorican bocage farm land
  • 4.1.3.. Landscape elements as parts of farming systems
  • 4.2.. Organization of land use in an Armorican bocage farm land
  • 4.2.1.. General principles of land use patterns in a livestock farm
  • 4.2.2.. Case study
  • 5.. General Approach of Dynamics and Organization of Agrarian Landscapes
  • 6.. Landscape Dynamics and (Re)organization: Multi-Scale and Multidisciplinary Approach
  • Part III. Ecological Processes within Landscapes
  • 6.. The Functioning of Populations at the Landscape Level
  • 1.. Patch Theory and Functioning of Metapopulations
  • 1.1.. The concept of metapopulation
  • 1.1.1.. Definitions
  • 1.1.2.. Conceptual models
  • 1.1.2.1.. The Boorman and Levitt model
  • 1.1.2.2.. The source-sink model
  • 1.1.2.3.. Metapopulations in a state of non-equilibrium
  • 1.2.. Metapopulations and landscape
  • 1.2.1.. Patch size
  • 1.2.2.. Isolation of patches
  • 1.2.3.. Ecotones and their configuration
  • 1.2.4.. The role of corridors
  • 1.2.5.. Gene flows
  • 2.. Multi-Habitat Species
  • 2.1.. Daily movement between landscape elements
  • 2.2.. Seasonal movements between landscape elements
  • 2.3.. Functional units
  • 3.. Movement in Landscapes
  • 3.1.. A hierarchical approach to movements
  • 3.2.. Quantification of movement: intensity and nature
  • 3.3.. Connectivity or permeability of landscapes
  • 3.3.1.. The spatial arrangement of patches and percolation theory
  • 3.3.2.. Permeability of land between patches of favourable habitat (matrix)
  • 3.4.. Corridors
  • 3.4.1.. Structure of the corridor
  • 3.4.2.. Connectivity of the network
  • 3.4.3.. Corridors and the functioning of metapopulations
  • 4.. Landscape Dynamics and the Functioning of Populations
  • 4.1.. Delay in extinction
  • 4.2.. Delay in colonization
  • 5.. Population Models Used in Landscape Ecology
  • 5.1.. Objectives of models
  • 5.1.1.. Spatially explicit models of population dynamics
  • 5.1.2.. Models of spatial distribution of populations or individuals
  • 5.1.3.. Models based on functional properties of the landscape
  • 5.2.. Taking space into account
  • 7.. Interspecific Relationships and Biodiversity in Landscapes
  • 1.. Interspecific Relationships
  • 1.1.. Competition between species
  • 1.2.. Predation
  • 1.3.. Pollination: long-term interactions
  • 2.. Biodiversity
  • 2.1.. Biodiversity in the agrarian landscapes
  • 2.1.1.. Ecological consequences of the intensification of agriculture
  • 2.1.1.1.. Intensification of agriculture and species diversity
  • 2.1.1.2.. Plant communities in landscapes of intensive agriculture
  • 2.1.1.3.. Biodiversity and forest fragmentation
  • 2.1.2.. Ecological consequences of land abandonment
  • 2.1.2.1.. Abandonment and fires
  • 2.1.2.2.. The effects of abandonment vary according to the taxa considered
  • 2.2.. Biodiversity in "natural" landscapes
  • Biodiversity and fire
  • 8.. Geochemical Flows in Landscapes
  • 1.. Buffer Zones
  • 1.1.. Principle of buffer zones
  • 1.1.1.. Retention of nitrogen
  • 1.1.2.. Other buffer effects
  • 2.. Erosion Phenomena and Landscape Structure
  • 3.. Transfers in Watersheds
  • 3.1.. Calculation of mineral balances
  • 3.2.. Structural approach
  • 3.3.. Functional approaches
  • 4.. Conclusion
  • Part IV. Applications to Landscape Management
  • 9.. Application of Landscape Ecology Concepts to Landscape Management and Design
  • 1.. The Corridor Concept Applied to Development
  • 1.1.. Form and nature of corridors
  • 1.2.. The European network of corridors and the pan-European strategy
  • 1.2.1.. Econet
  • 1.2.2.. The pan-European strategy for maintenance of biological and landscape diversity
  • 1.2.3.. An example of a national network: the Netherlands
  • 1.3.. Corridors between national parks or reserves: a tool for the conservation of species
  • 1.3.1.. Examples of general principles for establishment of corridors
  • 1.3.2.. Some corridors established for fauna
  • 1.4.. The greenways movement
  • 1.4.1.. A brief history
  • 1.4.2.. Definition and diversity of greenways
  • 1.4.3.. Examples
  • 2.. Considering Landscape Ecology Concepts in Establishing Transportation Infrastructures
  • 2.1.. Impacts of a linear infrastructure
  • 2.1.1.. Modification of habitats
  • 2.1.2.. Emissions and source effect
  • 2.1.3.. Sink effects
  • 2.1.4.. Isolation
  • 2.1.5.. Connection
  • 2.2.. Measures of reduction and compensation
  • 2.2.1.. Choice of layout
  • 2.2.2.. Compensatory measures: reduction of barrier effect and mortality
  • 3.. The Development of Rural Landscapes
  • 3.1.. Principles of ecological engineering
  • 3.2.. Structures and mechanisms relating to biodiversity
  • 3.3.. Structures and mechanisms relating to water quality
  • 3.4.. Implementation of new modes of management
  • 3.5.. Landscape law: aesthetics and ecological functioning
  • References
  • Glossary
  • Index
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