Attachment, evolution, and the psychology of religion /
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| Author / Creator: | Kirkpatrick, Lee A., 1958- |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | New York : Guilford Press, c2005. |
| Description: | xvi, 400 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/5531660 |
Table of Contents:
- 1. Introduction
- An Ambitious Agenda
- Scientific
- Comprehensive
- Explanatory
- Psychology of ...
- Religion
- A New Direction
- Attachment Theory
- Evolutionary Psychology
- The Plan of This Book
- 2. Introduction to Attachment Theory
- Backdrop
- The Attachment System
- Other Related Systems
- The Phenomenology of Attachment
- Individual Differences in Attachment in Childhood
- Multiple Attachment Figures
- Internal Working Models and the Stability of Attachment Patterns
- Attachment in Adulthood
- Attachment and Adult Romantic Relationships
- Individual Differences in Adult Romantic Attachment
- Factorial and Dimensional Models
- The Formation and Development of Adult Love Bonds
- An Alternative Approach to Adult Attachment
- Attachment and Evolutionary Psychology
- Summary and Conclusions
- 3. God as an Attachment Figure
- Religion as Relationship
- But Is It Really an Attachment Relationship?
- Seeking and Maintaining Proximity to God
- Proximity in Belief and Myth
- Facilitating Psychological Proximity
- Prayer
- Other Religious Behaviors
- God as a Haven of Safety
- Crisis and Distress
- Illness and Injury
- Death and Grieving
- God as a Secure Base
- Phenomenology
- Psychological Outcomes
- Responses to Separation and Loss
- Summary and Conclusions
- 4. More on Religion as an Attachment Process: Some Extensions and Limitations
- Religion and Love
- What Kind of Love?: Romantic Attachment versus
- Attachment to God
- God as a Parental Figure
- Individual Differences in Images of God
- God as a Benevolent Caregiver
- God as Controlling and Demanding
- Children's Beliefs about God
- Beyond God: Extensions and Limitations
- To Generalize, or Not to Generalize?
- The Problem with Parsimony
- Other Forms of Attachment (or Not) in Religion
- Relationships with Other Supernatural Beings
- Relationships with Religious Leaders
- Relationships with Fellow Worshipers and Other Peers
- Relationships with Groups
- Nontheistic Religions
- Summary and Conclusions
- 5. Individual Differences in Attachment and Religion: The Correspondence Hypothesis
- Mental Models and the Correspondence Hypothesis
- Correspondence in Childhood and Adolescence
- Correspondence in Adulthood
- Correspondence Across Cultures
- Internal Working Models of Self and Others
- Continuity from Childhood to Adulthood
- The Socialized-Correspondence Hypothesis
- The Two-Level Correspondence Hypothesis
- "Socialization" as an Alternative Explanation
- The Inadequacy of "Socialization" as Explanation
- The Epidemiology of Beliefs
- Individual Differences Revisited
- Summary and Conclusions
- 6. God as a Substitute Attachment Figure: The Compensation Hypothesis
- Individual Differences and Religious Conversion
- Individual Differences in Childhood Attachment and Conversion
- Sudden Religious Conversion
- Other Evidence for a Compensation Model
- A Two-Process Model
- Individual Differences in Adult Attachment
- Contextual Factors in Religious Change
- Separation and Loss
- Bereavement
- Relationship Dissolution
- Unavailability of Attachment Figures
- Perceived Inadequacy of Human Attachment Figures
- Cultural Factors
- Summary and Conclusions
- 7. Attachment in Context: Introduction to Evolutionary Psychology
- Evolutionary Psychology as a Paradigm or Metatheory
- Adaptation and Natural Selection
- Adaptations
- "Selfish Genes" and Inclusive Fitness
- Domain-Specificity and the Mental-Organs Model
- Nature "versus" Nurture
- Stone Age Minds in Modern Environments
- Individual Differences in Evolutionary Context
- Stable Environmental Differences
- Direct Genetic Effects
- Frequency-Dependent Adaptive Strategies
- Early Environmental Calibration
- An Example of Facultative Strategies: Human Mating
- Are Evolutionary Explanations Unfalsifiable?
- Some Illustrative Examples: Politics, Music, and Sports
- Summary and Conclusions
- 8. Attachment Theory in Modern Evolutionary Perspective
- Childhood Attachment in Modern Evolutionary Perspective
- Parental Caregiving and Parent-Offspring Conflict
- Individual Differences in Childhood Attachment
- Attachment and Reproductive Strategies
- The Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper Model
- Individual Differences in Adult Attachment
- Love Revisited
- Love or Attachment?
- Love as a Commitment Device
- Implications for the Theory of Attachment and Religion
- Correspondence and the RS Hypothesis
- Compensation, Sudden Conversion, and the LM
- Hypothesis
- Summary and Conclusions
- 9. Religion: Adaptation or Evolutionary By-product?
- Is There a Unique Religious Instinct?
- Universality
- Genetics
- Neurology
- Ethology
- Problems with the Religion-as-Instinct View
- The Problem of Identifying the Adaptive Function
- Psychological vs. Reproductive Benefits
- Group Selection vs. Selfish Genes
- Costs vs. Benefits
- Begging Questions
- The Problem of Identifying the Design
- The Problem of Establishing Special Design
- Theoretical Conservatism and the Onus of Proof
- Religion as an Evolutionary By-product, Not an Adaptation
- Adaptations vs. Evolutionary By-products
- Religion as an Evolutionary By-product
- An Analogy: Games and Sports
- Summary and Conclusions
- 10. Beyond Attachment: Religion and Other Evolved Psychological Mechanisms
- Power, Status, and Intrasexual Competition
- Supernatural Beings as Power Figures
- Human Religious Leaders as Power Figures
- Kinship
- Supernatural Beings and Religious Leaders as Kin
- Ingroup Members as Kin
- Reciprocal Altruism and Social Exchange
- Supernatural Beings as Social-Exchange Partners
- Mutual Helping and Social Support
- Morality and Ethics
- Coalitional Psychology
- In-Group Cooperation and Morality
- Out-Group Discrimination and Conflict
- Supernatural Beings as Coalitional Partners
- Summary and Conclusions
- 11. The Cognitive Origins of Religious Belief
- Evolved Mechanisms for Thinking about the Natural World
- Naive Physics and Psychological Animism
- Naive Biology and Natural Kinds
- Naive Psychology and Theory of Mind
- The Psychology of Complex Thinking: How the Mind Works
- The Cognitive Building Blocks of Religious Belief
- Animism
- Psychological Essentialism
- Anthropomorphism
- Why Religious Beliefs Succeed
- Evolved Psychological Mechanisms: Calibration and Bias
- Religious Beliefs: Combining the Intuitive and the Counterintuitive
- Beyond Religion: Other Forms of Thought and Belief
- Parapsychology and Other Supernatural Beliefs
- Commonsense Knowledge and Reasoning in Everyday Life
- Science
- Summary and Conclusions
- 12. Beyond Genes: Learning, Rationality, and Culture
- Natural Selection, Genes, and Inclusive Fitness
- From Genes to Memes
- Individual Learning, Reinforcement, and the Pleasure Principle
- Complex Reasoning and Higher-Order Cognitive Processes
- Social Learning, Socialization, and Cultural Transmission
- Cooperation, Competition, and Manipulation
- Memes and Viruses of the Mind
- Science Revisited
- Summary and Conclusions
- 13. Toward an Evolutionary Psychology of Religion
- A Précis in (More or Less) Reverse
- Evolutionary Psychology and Adaptation
- From Genes to Behavior
- Religion as an Evolutionary Byproduct
- The Psychological Origins of Religious Belief
- The Social Psychology of the Supernatural
- Conclusion
- An Evolutionary Psychology of Religion for the Future
- A Theoretically Rich "Psychology" of ...
- A Paradigmatic, Interdisciplinary Science
- A Coherent Model of Universality vs. Individual Differences
- Beyond Description to Function
- Religious Nature Carved at its Joints
- Avoiding Major Pitfalls in the Psychology of Religion
- Summary and Conclusions
