Evidence-based practice : logic and critical thinking in medicine /

Evidence-based practice : logic and critical thinking in medicine /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:Jenicek, Milos, 1935-
Imprint:[Chicago, Ill.?] : AMA Press, c2005.
Description:xxv, 302 p. : ill. ; 23 ; cm.
Language:English
Subject:
Evidence-based medicine.
Medical logic.
Critical thinking.
Medicine -- Philosophy.
Evidence-Based Medicine.
Critical thinking.
Evidence-based medicine.
Medical logic.
Medicine -- Philosophy.
Format: Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/5568396
Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:Hitchcock, David, 1942-
ISBN:1579476260
Notes:Includes bibliographical references (p. xxiii-xxv) and index.
Table of Contents:
  • List of Illustrations
  • Philosopher's Foreword
  • Physician's Foreword
  • A Word From the Authors
  • Reader's Bookshelf
  • Part 1. Theory and Methodological Foundations
  • Chapter 1. From Philosophy to Logic, From Logic to Medicine: Fundamental Definitions and Objectives of this Book
  • 1.1. Why Are Logic and Critical Thinking Needed in Our Practice, Research, and Communication? Why Read This Book?
  • 1.2. Medicine as Art and Science
  • 1.3. Philosophy in Medicine or Philosophy of Medicine?
  • 1.4. Philosophy of Science, Scientific Method, Evidence, and Evidence-based Medicine
  • 1.5. Thinking, Logic, Reasoning, and Critical Thinking
  • 1.6. Where in Medicine May We Find Practical Applications and Practical Uses of Philosophy, Logic, and Critical Thinking and Their Expected Benefits?
  • References
  • Chapter 2. Logic in a Nutshell I: Reasoning and Underlying Concepts: What Is Required? Does It Make Sense?
  • 2.1. A Brief Historical Note
  • 2.2. Logic in General and Logic in Medicine
  • 2.3. Reasoning and Arguments
  • 2.4. Components and Architecture of Reasoning and Arguments: What Is Required?
  • 2.4.1. Classical layout of arguments: premises and conclusions
  • 2.4.2. Toulmin's modern scheme for layout of arguments
  • 2.4.3. Reconstructing arguments from the natural language of daily life
  • 2.5. Evaluation of Reasoning and Argument: Does It Make Sense?
  • 2.5.1. Criteria for good reasoning
  • 2.5.2. Sources of justified premises
  • 2.5.3. Criteria for good arguments and good argumentation
  • 2.6. Fallacies: Definition, Classification, and Examples
  • 2.6.1. Definition of a fallacy
  • 2.6.2. Classification of fallacies
  • 2.6.3. Examples of fallacies
  • 2.7. Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 3. Logic in a Nutshell II: Types of Reasoning and Arguments: How Can We Reason and Argue Better?
  • 3.1. Deduction, Induction, and Abduction
  • 3.2. Classical Aristotelian Logic
  • 3.2.1. Testing categorical syllogisms by diagramming
  • 3.2.2. Syllogisms in everyday communication
  • 3.3. Contemporary Logic
  • 3.4. Historical Note on Indian Logic
  • 3.5. Uncertainty and Probability in Medicine
  • 3.6. Chaos Theory in Medicine
  • 3.7. Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic
  • 3.7.1. Distinction between fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory
  • 3.7.2. Paradigm of fuzziness in medicine
  • 3.7.3. Essentials of fuzzy reasoning in fuzzy logic
  • 3.8. Conclusions: Implications of Logic for Medicine
  • References
  • Chapter 4. Critical Thinking in a Nutshell: What Is "Critical" and What Is Not?
  • 4.1. Definition of Critical Thinking
  • 4.2. A Checklist for Critical Thinking
  • 4.2.1. Problem identification and analysis: What's in focus?
  • 4.2.2. Clarification of meaning: What kind of study for what kind of question? What does this mean?
  • 4.2.3. Gathering evidence: What basic relevant information can we obtain?
  • 4.2.4. Assessing evidence: How good is our basic information?
  • 4.2.5. Inferring conclusions: What follows?
  • 4.2.6. Other considerations: What else is relevant to the problem?
  • 4.2.7. Overall judgment: What is our stand on the problem?
  • 4.3. Practical Example of Critical Thinking to Solve a Health Problem: The Challenge of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
  • 4.3.1. Identification of the problem
  • 4.3.2. Analysis of the problem
  • 4.3.3. Clarification of meaning: What is CAM?
  • 4.3.4. Arguments for CAM interventions
  • 4.3.5. Explanations of the popularity of CAM
  • 4.3.6. Methods of investigating claims made by CAM proponents
  • 4.3.7. Assessment of evidence in CAM studies
  • 4.3.8. Cause-effect reasoning in CAM studies
  • 4.3.9. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of CAM research
  • 4.3.10. Alternative methods of evaluating CAM claims
  • 4.3.11. Summary remarks about CAM
  • 4.3.12. Complementary and alternative medicine in medical education and practice
  • 4.4. Conclusions
  • References
  • Part 2. Practical Applications
  • Chapter 5. Logic in Research: Critical Writing and Reading of Medical Articles: What Do These Results Really Prove? How to Write and Read Discussion and Conclusions Sections
  • 5.1. Classification and Structure of Medical Articles
  • 5.2. Causes and Their Effects
  • 5.2.1. Historical milestones
  • 5.2.2. Contributions of present generations
  • 5.2.3. How a cause-effect relationship is demonstrated or refuted
  • 5.3. Medical Articles as Arguments
  • 5.3.1. Warrants for conclusions of a causal relationship
  • 5.3.2. Arguments at the core of Discussion and Conclusions sections of medical articles
  • 5.4. Fallacies in Causal Reasoning and Argument
  • 5.5. Conclusions and Remedies to Consider
  • References
  • Chapter 6. Logic and Critical Thinking in a Clinician's Daily Practice: Talking and Listening to Colleagues and Patients: Am I Clear Enough? You've Got It Right!
  • 6.1. Patient Logic
  • 6.2. Physician Logic and Reasoning
  • 6.2.1. Building up the history of the case and making a clinical examination
  • 6.2.2. Making a diagnosis
  • 6.2.3. Treatment
  • 6.2.4. Prognosis and risk assessment
  • 6.2.5. Making decisions about a particular patient in a particular setting: phronesis in medicine?
  • 6.3. Logic in Communication with Patients
  • 6.3.1. Understanding patients' statements and reasoning
  • 6.3.2. Assessment and diagnosis of psychiatric patients
  • 6.4. Logic in Communication with Peers
  • 6.4.1. Verbal communication: rounds and consults
  • 6.4.2. Written communication: Hospital and office charts and reports
  • 6.5. Conclusions: Logic in Communication with the Outside World
  • References
  • Chapter 7. Communicating with the Outside World: Are We on the Same Wavelength?
  • 7.1. Our Points of Contact in the Community
  • 7.2. Physicians in Courts of Law: Their Contributions to Decision-making in Tort Litigation
  • 7.2.1. What to expect when dealing with decision-making legal bodies
  • 7.2.2. Cause-effect challenges: General and specific
  • 7.2.3. Emergence of clinical guidelines and their role in courts of law
  • 7.2.4. Reflective thinking in courts of law
  • 7.3. Argumentation About Cases Before Worker Compensation Boards and Other Civic Bodies
  • 7.4. Dealing with Health Problems in the Media and on the Political or Entertainment Stage
  • 7.5. Conclusions
  • References
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Glossary
  • About the Authors
  • Index
Purchased from The Ed & Martha Vanderwicken Book Fund bookplate
The John Crerar Library bookplate

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