Human body composition /
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| Edition: | 2nd ed. |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics, c2005. |
| Description: | xii, 523 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/5667791 |
Table of Contents:
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I. The Science of Body Composition Research
- Chapter 1. Study of Body Composition: An Overview
- History
- Body Composition Rules and Models
- Future Directions
- Part II. Body Composition Measurement Methods
- Chapter 2. Hydrodensitometry and Air Displacement Plethysmography
- Body Composition Models
- Estimation of Body Volume by Underwater Weighing
- Recommended Procedures for Hydrodensitometry
- Air Displacement Plethysmography
- Summary
- Chapter 3. Hydrometry
- Total Body Water
- Intracellular Water and Extracellular Water
- Summary
- Chapter 4. Whole-Body Counting and Neutron Activation Analysis
- Whole-Body Counting
- Neutron Activation Analysis
- Chapter 5. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
- History and Development of DXA
- Assumptions of DXA and Their Validity
- Applicability of DXA
- Equipment: Hardware
- Equipment: Software
- Measurement Procedures
- Calibration Procedures
- Precision of Total and Regional Composition Estimates
- Accuracy of DXA for the Measurement of Fatness
- Accuracy of DXA Regional Body Composition Assessments
- Estimating Body Composition Changes
- Hydration Status As a Confounder in DXA Body Composition Estimates
- Application of DXA to Pediatric Populations
- DXA Use in Multicomponent Models
- Steps Toward Standardization of DXA
- Recommended Procedure for DXA Measurements
- Summary
- Chapter 6. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
- Physical Electrical Properties
- Bioelectrical Properties
- Measuring Impedance
- Impedance History
- Single- and Multiple-Frequency Impedance
- Impedance and Body Composition
- Changes in Body Composition
- Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance
- Impedance and Blood Chemistry
- Summary
- Chapter 7. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- CT Image Acquisition
- MRI Image Acquisition
- CT Image Analysis
- MRI Image Analysis
- Determination of Tissue Volume
- CT Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Quality
- CT Measurement of Liver Tissue Quality
- MRI Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Quality
- MRI Measurement of Liver Tissue Quality
- Validity of Tissue Quantity by CT
- Validity of Tissue Quantity by MRI
- Comparison of CT and MRI
- Applications of CT and MRI on Tissue Quantity and Quality
- Future Directions
- Potential of CT and MRI in Large-Scale Studies
- Summary
- Chapter 8. Anthropometry and Ultrasound
- Anthropometry
- Ultrasound
- Summary
- Chapter 9. Pediatric Body Composition Methods
- Multicomponent Models
- Hydrodensitometry
- Air Displacement Plethysmography
- Dilution Methods
- Whole-Body Counting
- Electrical Methods
- Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
- Imaging Methods
- Anthropometry
- Summary
- Chapter 10. Animal Body Composition Methods
- Carcass Analysis
- Total Body Electrical Conductivity (TOBEC)
- Total Body Water by Isotope Dilution
- Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Summary
- Chapter 11. Statistical Methods
- Accuracy of Predictive Equations
- Validity of the Response Variable
- Precision of the Predictor Variables
- Relationships Between Predictor Variables and Response Variables
- Statistical Methods
- Size and Nature of the Sample
- Published Predictive Equations
- Summary
- Part III. Body Composition Models and Components
- Chapter 12. Multicomponent Molecular-Level Models of Body Composition Analysis
- General Concepts of Molecular-Level Body Composition Methods
- Three-, Four-, and Six-Component Hydrodensitometry Methods
- Four- and Six-Component Neutron Activation Methods
- Six-Component Total Body Carbon Methods
- Multicomponent Total Body Protein Method
- Summary
- Chapter 13. Measuring Adiposity and Fat Distribution in Relation to Health
- Total Body Fatness
- Fat Distribution
- Summary
- Chapter 14. Assessing Muscle Mass
- Anthropometric Indicators of Muscle Mass
- Muscle Metabolites
- Radiographic Methods
- Nuclear Techniques
- Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
- High-Frequency Energy Absorption (HFEA)
- Summary
- Chapter 15. Body Composition, Organ Mass, and Resting Energy Expenditure
- Measurement of REE
- Quantifying Specific Organ and Tissue Masses
- Specific Metabolic Rates of Organs and Tissues
- Modeling REE
- REE and Organ Metabolic Rates During the Life Span
- REE: Race and Ethnicity
- REE in Disease
- Ongoing Efforts in the Measurement of Tissue-Specific Metabolic Rates
- Summary
- Part IV. Body Composition and Biological Influences
- Chapter 16. Genetic Influences on Human Body Composition
- Basic Concepts
- Methods
- Genetics and Body Fat Content
- Genetics and Fat Topography
- Genetic Pleiotropy and Body Fat Phenotypes
- Genetics and Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes
- Summary
- Chapter 17. Age
- Fat Mass
- Fat Distribution
- Fat-Free Mass
- Summary
- Chapter 18. Variation in Body Composition Associated With Sex and Ethnicity
- Reference Values
- Total Body Composition
- Adipose Tissue Distribution
- Bone As a Component of Body Composition
- Skeletal Muscle
- Summary
- Chapter 19. Pregnancy
- Why Measure Pregnancy Body Composition?
- Measuring Body Composition Changes During Pregnancy
- Advances of the Field
- Chapter 20. Exercise
- Body Weight
- Whole-Body Fat
- Visceral Adipose Tissue
- Fat-Free Mass, Lean Soft Tissue, and Skeletal Muscle
- Bone
- Summary
- Chapter 21. Hormonal Influences on Human Body Composition
- Hormonal Effects Through the Life Cycle
- Effects of Glucocorticoids
- Interactions Between Hormones
- Effects of Adipocyte-Derived Hormones
- Regulation of Energy Exchange
- Summary
- Part V. Body Composition and Pathological States
- Chapter 22. Morbidity and Mortality Associations
- Anthropometric Measures in Relation to Morbidity and Mortality: Methodological Issues
- Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Mortality
- Body Composition and Aging: Implications for Morbidity and Mortality
- Effect of Age on the Association Between Weight Change and Health
- Effect of Age on the Association Between Fat Distribution and Health
- Summary
- Chapter 23. Body Composition and Cancer
- Body Composition and Cancer Risk
- Body Composition and Cancer Treatment
- Cancer-Related Wasting
- Other Applications of Body Composition Assessments in Cancer Research
- Summary
- Chapter 24. Obesity and Diabetes: Body Composition Determinants of Insulin Resistance
- Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and IR in Type 2 DM and Obesity
- Fat-Free Mass and IR in Type 2 DM and Obesity
- Abdominal Adiposity: Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Type 2 DM
- Lower-Extremity Adipose Tissue
- Skeletal Muscle Fat Content
- Hepatic Steatosis and IR in Obesity and Type 2 DM
- Effects of Weight Loss on Body Composition and IR
- Summary
- Chapter 25. Body Composition Studies in People With HIV
- Early Studies (1981-1983)
- Body Composition Assessment
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Studies of Pathogenic Mechanisms
- Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcomes
- Longitudinal Studies
- Studies of Nutritional Therapies
- HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy
- Pseudotruncal Obesity
- Treatment of Fat Redistribution
- Switch Studies
- Summary
- Chapter 26. Inflammatory Diseases and Body Composition
- Influence of Metabolic Imbalances on Body Composition
- Influence of Immune Mediators on Metabolism
- Usefulness of Body Composition As a Measure of Chronic Disease Status
- Inflammatory Diseases and Body Composition in Adults
- Inflammatory Diseases and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents
- Summary
- Appendix. Reference Body Composition Tables
- Abbreviations
- References
- Index
- About the Editors
