Acute ischemic stroke : imaging and intervention /

Acute ischemic stroke : imaging and intervention /

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Imprint:Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2006.
Description:xii, 268 p. : ill.
Language:English
Subject:
Cerebrovascular Accident -- diagnosis.
Cerebrovascular Accident -- therapy.
Diagnostic Imaging -- methods.
Brain -- Imaging.
Cerebral ischemia.
Format: Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/5928690
Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:González, R. G. (Ramón Gilberto)
ISBN:9783540252641 9783540252649 (alk. paper)
3540252649 (alk. paper)
Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
Table of Contents:
  • Part I. Fundamentals of Acute Ischemic Stroke
  • 1. Ischemic Stroke: Basic Pathophysiology and Neuroprotective Strategies
  • 1.1. Introduction
  • 1.2. Mechanisms of Ischemic Cell Death
  • 1.2.1. Excitotoxicity and Ionic Imbalance
  • 1.2.2. Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress
  • 1.2.3. Apoptosis
  • 1.2.4. Inflammation
  • 1.2.5. Peri-infarct Depolarizations
  • 1.3. Grey Matter Versus White Matter Ischemia
  • 1.4. The Neurovascular Unit
  • 1.5. Neuroprotection
  • 1.6. Stroke Neuroprotective Clinical Trials: Lessons from Past Failures
  • 1.7. Identifying the Ischemic Penumbra
  • 1.8. Combination Neuroprotective Therapy
  • 1.9. Ischemic Pre-conditioning
  • 1.10. Nonpharmaceutical Strategies for Neuroprotection
  • 1.10.1. Magnesium
  • 1.10.2. Albumin Infusion
  • 1.10.3. Hypothermia
  • 1.10.4. Induced Hypertension
  • 1.10.5. Hyperoxia
  • 1.11. Prophylactic and Long-term Neuroprotection
  • 1.12. Conclusion
  • References
  • 2. Causes of Ischemic Stroke
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. Key Concept: Core and Penumbra
  • 2.3. Risk Factors
  • 2.4. Primary Lesions of the Cerebrovascular System
  • 2.4.1. Carotid Stenosis
  • 2.4.2. Plaque
  • 2.4.3. Atherosclerosis Leading to Stroke: Two Pathways
  • 2.4.4. Collateral Pathways in the Event of Carotid Stenosis or Occlusion
  • 2.4.5. Transient Neurological Deficits
  • 2.4.6. Intracranial Atherosclerosis
  • 2.4.7. Aortic Atherosclerosis
  • 2.4.8. Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
  • 2.4.9. Extra-cerebral Artery Dissection
  • 2.5. Primary Cardiac Abnormalities
  • 2.5.1. Atrial Fibrillation
  • 2.5.2. Myocardial Infarction
  • 2.5.3. Valvular Heart Disease
  • 2.5.4. Patent Foramen Ovale
  • 2.5.5. Cardiac Masses
  • 2.6. Embolic Stroke
  • 2.6.1. The Local Vascular Lesion
  • 2.6.2. Microvascular Changes in Ischemic Brain
  • 2.6.3. MCA Embolus
  • 2.6.4. Borderzone Versus Embolic Infarctions
  • 2.7. Lacunar Strokes
  • 2.8. Other Causes of Stroke
  • 2.8.1. Inflammatory Conditions
  • 2.8.2. Venous Sinus Thrombosis
  • 2.8.3. Vasospasm in the Setting of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  • 2.8.4. Migraine
  • 2.8.5. Primary Hematologic Abnormalities
  • 2.9. Conclusion
  • Part II. Imaging of Acute Ischemic Stroke
  • 3. Unenhanced Computed Tomography
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Technique
  • 3.3. Physical Basis of Imaging Findings
  • 3.4. Optimal Image Review
  • 3.4.1. Window-Width (W) and Center-Level (L) CT Review Settings
  • 3.4.2. Density Difference Analysis (DDA)
  • 3.5. CT Early Ischemic Changes: Detection and Prognostic Value
  • 3.5.1. Early Generation CT Scanners
  • 3.5.2. Early CT Findings in Hyperacute Stroke
  • 3.5.3. Prognostic/Clinical Significance of EIC
  • 3.6. ASPECTS
  • 3.6.1. Implications for Acute Stroke Triage
  • 3.6.2. Reading CT Scans
  • 3.7. Conclusion
  • References
  • 4. Stroke CT Angiography (CTA)
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. Background - General Principles of CTA
  • 4.2.1. Advantages and Disadvantages of CTA
  • 4.2.1.1. Potential Advantages
  • 4.2.1.2. Potential Disadvantages
  • 4.2.2. CTA Scanning Technique: Pearls and Pitfalls
  • 4.2.2.1. Single-slice Protocols
  • 4.2.2.2. Multi-slice Protocols
  • 4.2.3. Radiation Dose Considerations
  • 4.3. CTA protocol for Acute Stroke
  • 4.3.1. General Considerations
  • 4.3.2. Contrast Considerations
  • 4.3.2.1. Contrast Timing Strategies
  • 4.3.3. Post-processing: Image Reconstruction
  • 4.3.3.1. Image Review
  • 4.3.3.2. Maximum Intensity Projection
  • 4.3.3.3. Multiplanar Volume Reformat
  • 4.3.3.4. Curved Reformat
  • 4.3.3.5. Shaded Surface Display
  • 4.3.3.6. Volume Rendering
  • 4.4. CTA Protocol for Acute Stroke
  • 4.5. Accuracy and Clinical Utility of CTA in Acute Stroke
  • 4.5.1. Optimal Image Review
  • 4.5.2. Role of CTA in Acute Stroke
  • 4.6. Future Directions
  • 4.7. Conclusion
  • References
  • 5. CT Perfusion (CTP)
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. CTP Technical Considerations
  • 5.3. Comparison with MR-PWI
  • 5.3.1. Advantages
  • 5.3.2. Disadvantages
  • 5.4. CTP: General Principles
  • 5.5. CTP Theory and Modeling
  • 5.6. CTP Post-Processing
  • 5.7. Clinical Applications of CTP
  • 5.8. CTP Interpretation: Infarct Detection with CTA-SI
  • 5.9. CTP Interpretation: Ischemic Penumbra and Infarct Core
  • 5.10. Imaging Predictors of Clinical Outcome
  • 5.11. Experimental Applications of CTP in Stroke
  • 5.12. Conclusion
  • References
  • 6. Conventional MRI and MR Angiography of Stroke
  • 6.1. Conventional MRI and Stroke
  • 6.1.1. Hyperacute Infarct
  • 6.1.2. Acute Infarct
  • 6.1.3. Subacute Infarct
  • 6.1.4. Chronic Infarcts
  • 6.1.5. Hemorrhagic Transformation
  • 6.1.6. Conclusion
  • 6.2. MR Angiogram and Stroke
  • 6.2.1. Noncontrast MRA
  • 6.2.1.1. TOF MRA
  • 6.2.1.2. Phase-Contrast MRA
  • 6.2.2. Contrast-Enhanced MRA
  • 6.2.3. Image Processing
  • 6.2.4. Extracranial Atherosclerosis and Occlusions
  • 6.2.5. Intracranial Atherosclerosis and Occlusions
  • 6.2.6. Dissection
  • 6.2.7. Other Infarct Etiologies
  • 6.2.7.1. Moya Moya
  • 6.2.7.2. Vasculitis
  • 6.2.7.3. Fibromuscular Dysplasia
  • 6.2.8. Venous Infarct
  • 6.2.9. Conclusion
  • References
  • 7. Diffusion MR of Acute Stroke
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Basic Concepts/Physics of Diffusion MRI
  • 7.2.1. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
  • 7.3. Diffusion MR Images for Acute Stroke
  • 7.4. Theory for Decreased Diffusion in Acute Stroke
  • 7.5. Time Course of Diffusion Lesion Evolution in Acute Stroke
  • 7.6. Reliability
  • 7.7. Reversibility of DWI Stroke Lesions
  • 7.8. Prediction of Hemorrhagic Transformation
  • 7.9. Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • 7.10. Correlation with Clinical Outcome
  • 7.11. Stroke Mimics
  • 7.12. Nonischemic Lesions with No Acute Abnormality on Routine or Diffusion-Weighted Images
  • 7.13. Syndromes with Reversible Clinical Deficits that may have Decreased Diffusion
  • 7.13.1. Transient Ischemic Attack
  • 7.13.2. Transient Global Amnesia
  • 7.14. Vasogenic Edema Syndromes
  • 7.14.1. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
  • 7.14.2. Hyperperfusion Syndrome Following Carotid Endarterectomy
  • 7.14.3. Other Syndromes
  • 7.15. Other Entities with Decreased Diffusion
  • 7.16. Venous Infarction
  • 7.17. Conclusion
  • References
  • 8. Perfusion MRI of Acute Stroke
  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Imaging
  • 8.3. PWI Using Endogenous Contrast Agents
  • 8.4. Post-Processing of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Images
  • 8.5. Reliability
  • 8.6. Diffusion in Combination with Perfusion MRI in the Evaluation of Acute Stroke
  • 8.6.1. Diffusion and Perfusion MRI in Predicting Tissue Viability
  • 8.6.2. Perfusion MRI and Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
  • 8.6.3. Diffusion and Perfusion MRI in Predicting Hemorrhagic Transformation of Acute Stroke
  • 8.6.4. Correlation of Diffusion and Perfusion MRI with Clinical Outcome
  • 8.7. Conclusion
  • References
  • 9. Acute Stroke Imaging with SPECT, PET, Xenon-CT, and MR Spectroscopy
  • 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.2. SPECT
  • 9.2.1. Advantages
  • 9.2.2. Liabilities
  • 9.3. PET
  • 9.3.1. Advantages
  • 9.3.2. Liabilities
  • 9.4. Xe-CT
  • 9.4.1. Advantages
  • 9.4.2. Liabilities
  • 9.5. MR Spectroscopy
  • 9.5.1. Advantages
  • 9.5.2. Liabilities
  • References
  • Part III. Intervention in Acute Ischemic Stroke
  • 10. Clinical Management of Acute Stroke
  • 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.2. History of Stroke Onset
  • 10.3. Clinical Presentation
  • 10.4. Emergency Management
  • 10.5. General Medical Support
  • 10.5.1. ABCs of Emergency Medical Management
  • 10.6. Medical Evaluation
  • 10.7. Neurologic Assessment
  • 10.8. Intervention and Treatment
  • 10.9. Conclusion
  • Suggested Reading
  • 11. Intravenous Thrombolysis
  • 11.1. Introduction
  • 11.2. Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis
  • 11.3. Fibrinolytic Agents
  • 11.4. Intravenous Fibrinolysis
  • 11.5. Evidence-Based Recommendations for Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment with Intravenous Fibrinolysis
  • 11.6. Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment with Intravenous t-PA
  • 11.7. Conclusion
  • References
  • 12. Endovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke
  • 12.1. Rationale
  • 12.2. Technical Aspects
  • 12.2.1. Pre-procedure Evaluation and Patient Monitoring
  • 12.2.2. Procedural Technique
  • 12.2.2.1. Chemical Thrombolysis
  • 12.2.2.2. Mechanical Thrombolysis
  • 12.2.2.3. New Mechanical Devices
  • 12.2.2.4. Thrombolytic Agents
  • 12.2.2.5. Adjunctive Therapy
  • 12.3. Intra-arterial Thrombolysis Trials
  • 12.3.1. Background
  • 12.3.2. Anterior Circulation Thrombolysis
  • 12.3.3. Posterior Circulation Thrombolysis
  • 12.3.4. Combined Intravenous and Intra-arterial Thrombolysis
  • 12.4. Grading Systems
  • 12.5. Conclusion
  • Appendix. MGH Protocols for Intra-arterial Thrombolytics (Chemical and/or Mechanical) for Acute Stroke
  • Intra-arterial Inclusion Criteria
  • Absolute Exclusion Criteria
  • Relative Contraindications
  • Pre-Thrombolysis Work-up
  • Pre-Thrombolysis Management
  • Peri-Thrombolysis Management
  • Pre- and Post-Treatment Management
  • Protocol for Blood Pressure Control After Thrombolysis
  • Management of Symptomatic Hemorrhage After Thrombolysis
  • References
  • Epilogue: CT versus MR in Acute Ischemic Stroke
  • Subject Index
The John Crerar Library bookplate

Similar Items