Airborne pulsed doppler radar /

Airborne pulsed doppler radar /

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Bibliographic Details
Edition:2nd ed.
Imprint:Boston : Artech House, c1996.
Description:xv, 510 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Language:English
Series:Artech House radar library
Subject:
Doppler radar.
Pulse compression radar.
Radar in aeronautics.
Doppler radar.
Pulse compression radar.
Radar in aeronautics.
Format: Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/6664148
Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:Morris, G. V. (Guy V.), 1935-
Harkness, L. (Linda), 1956-
ISBN:0890068674 (alk. paper)
9780890068670 (alk. paper)
Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index.
Table of Contents:
  • Preface
  • Chapter 1. Principles of Pulse-Doppler Radar
  • 1.1. Types of Doppler Radar
  • 1.2. Definitions
  • 1.2.1. Doppler Shift
  • 1.2.2. Translation to Zero Intermediate Frequency
  • 1.2.3. Doppler Ambiguities and Blind Speeds in Pulsed Radard
  • 1.2.4. Range Ambiguities and Blind Ranges in Pulsed Radars
  • 1.2.5. Fast Fourier Transform
  • 1.2.6. Coherence
  • 1.3. Spectra and Waveforms of Stationary CW Radar
  • 1.4. Waveforms and Spectra of Stationary High-PRF Radar
  • 1.5. Spectra and Waveforms of Stationary Low-PRF Radar
  • 1.6. Spectra and Waveforms of Stationary Medium-PRF Radar
  • Chapter 2. Effects of Platform Motion on Clutter
  • 2.1. CW Radar Clutter Spectrum
  • 2.2. High-PRF Radar Clutter Spectrum
  • 2.3. Low-PRF Radar Clutter Spectrum
  • 2.4. Medium-PRF Radar Clutter Spectrum
  • 2.5. Calculation of Clutter Power
  • Chapter 3. Spectral Characteristics of a Pulsed Waveform
  • 3.1. Continuous-Wave Signal: One Time Scale
  • 3.2. Single Pulse of a Carrier: Two Time Scales
  • 3.3. Infinite Pulse Train: Three Time Scales
  • 3.4. Finite Pulse Train: Four Time Scales
  • 3.5. Coherent Detection of a Pulsed Waveform
  • 3.5.1. Single-Channel Detection
  • 3.5.2. I/Q Detection
  • Reference
  • Chapter 4. Low-PRF Mode
  • 4.1. Antenna Scan Patterns
  • 4.2. Displays
  • 4.3. Range Profile
  • 4.4. Clutter Spectra
  • 4.5. Low-PRF Doppler Mode
  • 4.6. Noncoherent Modes
  • 4.6.1. Ground Map
  • 4.6.2. Terrain Avoidance
  • 4.6.3. Air-to-Air Ranging
  • 4.6.4. Air-to-Ground Ranging
  • 4.6.5. Terrain Following
  • Reference
  • Chapter 5. High-PRF Mode
  • 5.1. Waveform Characteristics
  • 5.1.1. Establishing the Minimum PRF
  • 5.1.2. Reducing the Effects of Eclipsing
  • 5.2. Velocity Search Mode
  • 5.3. Range-While-Search Mode
  • 5.3.1. Range Resolution
  • 5.3.2. Range Quantization
  • 5.3.3. Effect of Linear FM Ranging on Clutter
  • 5.4. Range-Gated High PRF
  • References
  • Chapter 6. Medium-PRF Mode
  • 6.1. Waveform Characteristics
  • 6.1.1. Range Profile
  • 6.1.2. Doppler Profile
  • 6.1.3. Range Blind Zones
  • 6.2. Search Mode
  • 6.2.1. PRF Programming
  • 6.2.2. Pulse Width Diversity
  • 6.2.3. Processing
  • 6.2.4. Preventing False Detections of Side-Lobe Clutter
  • 6.3. Interleaved Modes
  • References
  • Chapter 7. Phased-Array Pulse-Doppler Radar
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Electronic Scanning
  • 7.2.1. Principles of Implementation
  • 7.2.2. Effects on Radar Sensitivity
  • 7.2.3. Antenna Side-Lobe Suppression
  • 7.3. Software Functional Implementation
  • 7.3.1. Radar Resource Management
  • 7.3.2. Search
  • 7.3.3. Track
  • 7.3.4. Function Interleaving and Sensor Fusion
  • 7.4. Phased-Array Hardware Implementation
  • 7.4.1. Airborne Phased-Array Implementation
  • 7.4.2. Examples of Airborne Phased-Array Implementation
  • 7.4.3. Motivations for Solid-State Active Array
  • 7.4.4. Solid-State Array Technology
  • 7.5. Effects on Pulse-Doppler Operation
  • 7.5.1. Electronic Beam-Scanning Effects
  • 7.5.2. Spatial/Temporal Coherence
  • References
  • Suggested Reading
  • Chapter 8. Doppler Processing
  • 8.1. Moving-Target Indication
  • 8.1.1. Pulse Cancelers
  • 8.1.2. Matched Filters for Clutter Suppression
  • 8.1.3. Blind Speeds and Staggered PRFs
  • 8.1.4. MTI Figures of Merit
  • 8.1.5. Limitations to MTI Performance
  • 8.2. Pulse-Doppler Processing
  • 8.2.1. The Discrete Time Fourier Transform of a Moving Target
  • 8.2.2. Sampling the DTFT: The Discrete Fourier Transform
  • 8.2.3. Matched Filter and Filter Bank Interpretations of Pulse-Doppler Processing With the DFT
  • 8.2.4. Fine Doppler Estimation
  • 8.3. Additional Doppler Processing Issues
  • 8.3.1. Combined MTI and Pulse-Doppler Processing
  • 8.3.2. Transient Effects
  • 8.4. Overview of Displaced Phase Center Antenna Processing
  • References
  • Chapter 9. Pulse Compression in Pulse-Doppler Radar Systems
  • 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.2. Frequency Modulation Techniques
  • 9.2.1. Linear Frequency Modulation
  • 9.2.2. Stretch
  • 9.2.3. Frequency Stepping
  • 9.3. Phase Modulation Techniques
  • 9.3.1. Barker Codes
  • 9.3.2. Combined Barker Codes
  • 9.3.3. Pseudorandom Codes
  • 9.4. Golay Side-Lobe Canceling Codes
  • 9.5. Range Side Lobes And Weighting
  • 9.5.1. Side-Lobe Suppression for FM Waveforms
  • 9.5.2. Side-Lobe Suppression for Phase-Modulated Waveforms
  • 9.6. The Radar Ambiguity Function
  • 9.7. Summary
  • References
  • Chapter 10. Synthetic-Aperture Processing
  • 10.1. The Synthetic-Aperture Concept
  • 10.2. Focused Forward-Squinted Strip-Mapping SAR Characteristics
  • 10.2.1. Geometry
  • 10.2.2. Resolution vs. Aperture Time
  • 10.2.3. Point Scatterer Signature
  • 10.2.4. Frequency Domain Interpretation of Linear FM--Deramp SAR Data
  • 10.2.5. Doppler Bandwidth
  • 10.2.6. Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Pulse Repetition Frequency
  • 10.3. Other Synthetic-Aperture Modes
  • 10.3.1. Doppler Beam Sharpening and Unfocused SAR
  • 10.3.2. Spotlight SAR
  • 10.4. Implementation of Focused SAR
  • 10.4.1. SAR Matched Filtering
  • 10.4.2. Basic Processing Algorithms
  • 10.4.3. Direct Implementation of Matched-Filter SAR Processing
  • 10.4.4. Fast Correlation Cross-Range Compression
  • 10.4.5. Cross-Range Compression by Deramp and Spectral Analysis
  • 10.4.6. Depth of Focus
  • 10.4.7. Polar Format Processing for Spotlight SAR
  • 10.5. Interferometric Three-Dimensional SAR
  • 10.6. Other Aspects of SAR Operation
  • 10.6.1. Phase Errors and Motion Compensation
  • 10.6.2. Clutter Locking and Autofocus
  • 10.6.3. Speckle Reduction
  • 10.7. Summary
  • References
  • Chapter 11. Medium-PRF Detectability and Range Resolving
  • 11.1. Range-Doppler Blind Zones
  • 11.2. Effects of the Number of Clear PRFs
  • 11.3. The Effect of the Duty Cycle
  • 11.4. Pulse Compression
  • 11.5. Range Resolving
  • Reference
  • Chapter 12. Selection of the Medium PRFs
  • 12.1. Major-Minor PRF Selection Method
  • 12.1.1. Selection of the First Major PRF
  • 12.1.2. Selection of the First Set of Minor PRFs
  • 12.1.3. Selection of the Second Major PRF Set
  • 12.1.4. Selection of the Third Major PRF Set
  • 12.2. M:N PRF Selection Method
  • 12.3. Other PRF Selection and Ambiguity Resolution Methods
  • 12.4. Blind Zone Charts
  • 12.5. Comparison of M:N With Major-Minor
  • 12.6. Dwell Time Allocation
  • References
  • Suggested Reading
  • Chapter 13. Tracking Techniques
  • 13.1. Fundamentals of Angle Tracking
  • 13.1.1. Amplitude Comparison
  • 13.1.2. Phase Comparison
  • 13.1.3. Monopulse
  • 13.1.4. Clutter and Multipath Interference
  • 13.2. Fundamentals of Range Tracking
  • 13.3. Doppler Tracking
  • 13.3.1. CW Radar
  • 13.3.2. High-PRF Pulse Doppler
  • 13.4. Range-Gated Pulse Doppler
  • 13.4.1. Velocity Ambiguities
  • 13.5. Demodulation of Angle Errors
  • 13.5.1. Monopulse
  • 13.5.2. Conical Scan and Lobe-on-Receive
  • 13.6. Clutter Considerations
  • 13.6.1. High-PRF Radar
  • 13.6.2. Medium- and Low-PRF Radar
  • 13.6.3. Control of Doppler Blind Zones
  • 13.6.4. Control of Range Blind Zones in Medium-PRF
  • 13.7. Kalman and [alpha]-[beta] Trackers
  • 13.7.1. [alpha]-[beta] Tracker
  • 13.7.2. Extension to Kalman Filter Notation
  • 13.8. Compensation for Own-Vehicle Motion
  • References
  • Chapter 14. Target Detection by Airborne Radars
  • 14.1. Mechanization of Target Detection
  • 14.1.1. Operational Considerations
  • 14.1.2. Implementation of Detection Processing
  • 14.2. Noise-Limited Target Detection
  • 14.2.1. Single-Pulse Detection
  • 14.2.2. Matched Filtering
  • 14.2.3. Extension to Pulse-Doppler Radar Detection
  • 14.3. The Pulse-Doppler Radar Range Equation
  • 14.3.1. Target Parameters
  • 14.3.2. Power Gain
  • 14.3.3. System Loss Factor
  • 14.3.4. System Noise Temperature
  • 14.3.5. Application of the Radar Range Equation
  • 14.4. Implementation of System Detection Requirements
  • References
  • Chapter 15. Effects of Clutter on Detection Performance
  • 15.1. Introduction
  • 15.2. Clutter Doppler Spectrum
  • 15.3. Calculation of Clutter Power
  • 15.4. Clutter Models
  • 15.4.1. Overview of Clutter Characteristics
  • 15.4.2. Sea Clutter Model
  • 15.4.3. Land Clutter Model
  • 15.5. Performance Degradation Due to Transmitter Stability
  • 15.5.1. Clutter Sideband Masking
  • 15.5.2. Sources of Spurious Components
  • 15.5.3. Estimation of Subclutter Visibility
  • 15.6. Clutter-Limited Detection
  • References
  • Chapter 16. Target Fluctuation Effects
  • 16.1. Complex Target RCS
  • 16.2. Fluctuation Models
  • 16.2.1. Fluctuation PDFs
  • 16.2.2. Extension to Pulse-Doppler Radar
  • 16.2.3. Engine Modulation
  • 16.3. Detection Performance Against Fluctuating Targets
  • 16.3.1. Noncoherently Integrated Returns
  • 16.3.2. Fluctuation Loss
  • 16.4. Cumulative Detection Performance
  • 16.5. Composite Detection Assessment
  • References
  • Chapter 17. Automatic Detection
  • 17.1. Automatic Detection
  • 17.1.1. Automatic Detection Requirements
  • 17.1.2. Automatic Detection Implementation
  • 17.1.3. M:N Processing
  • 17.2. Cell-Averaging CFAR
  • 17.3. Ordered-Statistic CFAR Processing
  • 17.4. Other CFAR Techniques
  • 17.4.1. Distribution-Free CFAR
  • 17.4.2. Statistically Adaptive CFAR Processing
  • 17.5. Summary
  • References
  • Suggested Reading
  • Chapter 18. Fundamentals of Electronic Counter-Countermeasures
  • 18.1. Trends in Electronic Protection
  • 18.2. Fundamentals of Radar Vulnerability
  • 18.2.1. Terminology
  • 18.2.2. Overview of ECM Techniques
  • 18.2.3. Generic Radar Description
  • 18.2.4. Objectives and Effects of Electronic Countermeasures
  • 18.3. Analyzing the Effects of Electronic Countermeasures
  • 18.3.1. Single-Pulse Jamming-to-Signal Ratio
  • 18.3.2. Effect of Radar Signal Processing
  • 18.4. Generic and Robust ECCM Techniques
  • 18.4.1. Physical Basis for Robust ECCM Techniques
  • 18.4.2. Generic ECCM Techniques
  • 18.5. Descriptions of Significant ECCM Techniques
  • 18.5.1. Acceleration Limiting
  • 18.5.2. Adaptive Receive Polarization
  • 18.5.3. Angle Extent Estimator
  • 18.5.4. Bandwidth Expansion
  • 18.5.5. Beat Frequency Detector
  • 18.5.6. Censored (Ordered-Statistic) CFAR
  • 18.5.7. Cross-Polarization Cancellation
  • 18.5.8. Doppler-Range Rate Comparison
  • 18.5.9. Frequency Agility
  • 18.5.10. Home-on-Jam
  • 18.5.11. Leading/Trailing Edge Track
  • 18.5.12. Narrowband Doppler Noise Detector
  • 18.5.13. Narrow Pulse/Pulse Compression
  • 18.5.14. Neural Net
  • 18.5.15. Off-Boresight Tracking
  • 18.5.16. PRF Jitter
  • 18.5.17. Side-Lobe Blanking
  • 18.5.18. Side-Lobe Canceler
  • 18.5.19. Sniff
  • 18.5.20. Space Time Adaptive Processing
  • 18.5.21. Superresolution
  • 18.5.22. Velocity Guard Gates
  • 18.5.23. VGPO Reset
  • 18.5.24. VGS ECCM--Dual Frequency
  • References
  • Suggested Reading
  • Appendix A. Clutter Map Computer Program
  • Appendix B. Range-Doppler Blind Zone Map Computer Program
  • Appendix C. Sea Clutter Model
  • Appendix D. ECM Descriptions
  • D.1. Barrage Noise
  • D.2. Blinking Spot Noise
  • D.3. Blinking Cooperative Doppler Noise
  • D.4. Cover Pulse
  • D.5. Cross-Polarization Jamming
  • D.6. Gate Stealer/Terrain Bounce
  • D.7. Multiple False Doppler Targets
  • D.8. Narrow Band Doppler Noise
  • D.9. Range Gate Pull-Off
  • D.10. Terrain Bounce
  • D.11. Towed Decoy
  • D.12. Velocity Gate Pull-Off
  • Glossary
  • About the Editors
  • Index
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