Low back disorders : evidenced-based prevention and rehabilitation /
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| Author / Creator: | McGill, Stuart, 1957- |
|---|---|
| Edition: | 2nd ed. |
| Imprint: | Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics, c2007. |
| Description: | xvi, 312 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/6673049 |
Table of Contents:
- List of Tests and Exercises
- Why and How You Should Read This Book
- Acknowledgments
- Part I. Scientific Foundation
- Chapter 1. Introduction to the Issues
- Legislative Landscape: The Unfortunate Adverse Impact on Bad Backs
- Deficiencies in Current Low Back Disorder Diagnostic Practices
- Is It True That 85% of Back Troubles Are of Unknown Etiology?
- Diagnosis by Hypothesis Testing
- Is It True That Most Chronic Back Complaints Are Rooted in Psychological Factors?
- Does Pain Cause Activity Intolerance?
- Inadequacies in Current Care and Prevention of Low Back Disorders
- Ill-Advised Rehabilitation Recommendations
- Can Back Rehabilitation Be Completed in 6 to 12 Weeks?
- Should the Primary Goal of Rehabilitation Be Restoring the Range of Motion?
- What Are Better Alternatives in Dealing With Painful Backs?
- Mechanical Loading and the Process of Injury: A Low Back Tissue Injury Primer
- A Final Note
- Chapter 2. Scientific Approach Unique to This Book
- In Vitro Lab
- In Vivo Lab
- How the Virtual Spine Works
- Development of the Virtual Spine
- Chapter 3. Epidemiological Studies on Low Back Disorders (LBDs)
- Multidimensional Links Among Biomechanical, Psychosocial, and Personal Variables
- Three Important Studies
- Do Workers Experience LBDs Because They Are Paid to Act Disabled?
- Does Pain Have an Organic Basis-or Is It All in the Head?
- Are Biomechanical Variables and Psychosocial Variables Distinct?
- What Is the Significance of First-Time Injury Data for Cause and Prevention?
- How Do Biomechanical Factors Affect LBD?
- Mechanical Loading and LBD: Field-Based Risk Factors
- What Are the Lasting Physiological, Biomechanical, and Motor Changes to Which Injury Leads?
- What Is the Optimal Amount of Loading for a Healthy Spine?
- What Are the Links Between Personal Factors and LBD?
- What the Evidence Supports
- Chapter 4. Functional Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
- Basic Neural Structure
- Vascular Anatomy
- The Vertebrae
- Vertebral Architecture and Load Bearing
- Posterior Elements of the Vertebrae
- Intervertebral Disc
- Load-Bearing Abilities
- Progressive Disc Injury
- Muscles
- Muscle Size
- Muscle Groups
- Abdominal Muscles
- Psoas
- Quadratus Lumborum
- Muscle Summary
- Ligaments
- Longitudinal Ligaments
- Interspinous and Superspinous Ligaments
- Other Ligaments in the Thoracolumbar Spine
- Normal Ligament Mechanics and Injury Mechanics
- Lumbodorsal Fascia (LDF)
- A Quick Review of the Pelvis, Hips, and Related Musculature
- Clinically Relevant Aspects of Pain and Anatomic Structure
- Tissue-Specific Types of Pain
- Can Pain Descriptors Provide a Reliable Diagnosis?
- A Final Note
- Chapter 5. Normal and Injury Mechanics of the Lumbar Spine
- Kinematic Properties of the Thoracolumbar Spine
- Kinetics and Normal Lumbar Spine Mechanics
- Loads on the Low Back During Functional Movements
- Loads on the Low Back During Various Exercises
- Dubious Lifting Mechanisms
- Intra-Abdominal Pressure
- Lumbodorsal Fascia
- Hydraulic Amplifier
- IAP, LDF, and Hydraulic Amplifier: A Summary
- Other Important Mechanisms of Normal Spine Mechanics
- Biomechanics of Diurnal Spine Changes
- Spinal Memory
- Anatomical Flexible Beam and Truss: Muscle Cocontraction and Spine Stability
- Injury Mechanisms
- Summary of Specific Tissue Injury Mechanisms
- Injury Mechanics Involving the Lumbar Mechanism
- Staying Within the "Biomechanical Envelope"
- Biomechanical and Physiological Changes Following Injury
- Tissue Damage Pathogenesis, Pain, and Performance
- Injury Process: Motor Changes
- Specific Patterns of Muscle Inhibition Following Injury
- The Crossed-Pelvis Syndrome and Gluteal Amnesia
- Chapter 6. Myths and Realities of Lumbar Spine Stability
- Stability: A Qualitative Analogy
- Quantitative Foundation of Stability
- Potential Energy as a Function of Height
- Potential Energy as a Function of Stiffness and Elastic Energy Storage
- Muscles Create Force and Stiffness
- Sufficient Stability
- Stability Myths, Facts, and Clinical Implications
- Part II. Injury Prevention
- Chapter 7. LBD Risk Assessment
- Brief Review of the Risk Factors for LBD
- NIOSH Approach to Risk Assessment
- 1981 Guideline
- 1993 Guideline
- Snook Psychophysical Approach
- Lumbar Motion Monitor (LMM)
- Ergowatch
- Biological Signal-Driven Model Approaches
- The Marras Model and the McGill Model
- EMG-Assisted Optimization
- Simple or Complex Models?
- The Challenge Before Us
- Chapter 8. Reducing the Risk of Low Back Injury
- Lessons From the Literature
- Compensation Board Statistics-An Artifact?
- Ergonomic Studies
- Rehab and Prevention Studies
- Studies on the Connection Between Fitness and Injury Disability
- Beyond Ergonomics: Is It Time to "Modify" the Worker?
- LBD Prevention for Workers
- Should Workers Avoid End Range of Spine Motion During Exertion?
- What Are the Ways to Reduce the Reaction Moment?
- Should One Avoid Exertion Immediately After Prolonged Flexion?
- Should Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) Be Increased While Lifting?
- Are Twisting and Twisting Lifts Particularly Dangerous?
- Is Lifting Smoothly and Not Jerking the Load Always Best?
- Is There Any Way to Make Seated Work Less Demanding on the Back?
- Some Short-Answer Questions
- LBD Prevention for Employers
- Injury Prevention Primer
- A Note for Consultants
- Chapter 9. The Question of Back Belts
- Issues of the Back Belt Question
- Scientific Studies
- Clinical Trials
- Biomechanical Studies
- Studies of Belts, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure
- Psychophysical Studies
- Summary of Prescription Guidelines
- Part III. Low Back Rehabilitation
- Chapter 10. Building Better Rehabilitation Programs for Low Back Injuries
- Our Five-Stage Back Training Program
- Finding the Best Approach
- Stages of Patient Progression
- Stage 1. Detect and Correct Perturbed Motion and Motor Patterns
- Stage 2. Establish Stability Through Exercises and Education
- Stage 3. Develop Endurance
- Guidelines for Developing the Best Exercise Regimen
- Developing a Sound Basis for Exercise Prescription
- Basic Issues in Low Back Exercise Prescription
- Chapter 11. Evaluating the Patient
- The Most Crucial Element in Evaluation
- First Clinician-Patient Meeting
- Some Provocation Tests
- A Note on Motion Palpation
- Distinguishing Between Lumbar and Hip Problems
- Some Functional Screens
- The "Stiff" Spine
- Control of Torsional Motion
- Testing for Aberrant Gross Lumbar Motion
- Testing Muscle Endurance
- Chapter 12. Developing the Exercise Program
- Philosophy of Low Back Exercise Design
- Clinical Wisdom
- Sparing the Back While Stretching the Hips and Knees
- Flossing the Nerve Roots for Those With Accompanying Sciatica
- Identifying Safe and Effective Exercises
- Incorporating and Patterning the Muscles
- Eliminating Unsafe Exercises
- Selecting Safe and Effective Exercises
- Beginner's Program for Stabilization
- A Sample
- Exercises That May Be Used in a Stabilization Program
- Chapter 13. Advanced Exercises
- Safely Increasing Challenges
- Labile Surfaces and Resistance Training Machines
- Safely Progressing Back Exercises
- Occupational and Athletic Work Hardening
- Low Back Exercises for High-Performance Workers or Athletes
- Low Back Exercises Only for Athletes
- Looking Forward
- Epilogue
- Handouts for Patients or Clients
- Appendix
- Glossary
- References and Additional Readings
- Index
- About the Author
