Single case experimental designs : strategies for studying behavior for change /
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| Author / Creator: | Barlow, David H. |
|---|---|
| Edition: | 3rd ed. |
| Imprint: | Boston : Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, c2009. |
| Description: | xvi, 393 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/7182666 |
Table of Contents:
- Preface
- Epigram
- Chapter 1. The Single Case in Basic and Applied Research: An Historical Perspective
- 1.1. Introduction
- 1.2. Beginnings in Experimental Physiology and Psychology
- 1.3. Origins of the Group Comparison Approach
- The influence of inferential statistics
- 1.4. Development of Applied Research: The Case Study Method
- Early reports of percentage of success in treated groups
- The development of the group comparison approach in applied research
- 1.5. Limitations of Early Group Comparison Approaches
- Ethical objections and practical problems
- Averaging of results
- Generality of findings
- Intersubject variability
- 1.6. Early Alternative Approaches to Applied Research
- Naturalistic studies
- Process research
- 1.7. The Scientist-Practitioner Split
- 1.8. A Return to the Individual
- The role of the case study
- The representative case
- Shapiro's methodology in the clinic
- Quasi-experimental designs
- Chassan and intensive designs
- 1.9. The Experimental Analysis of Behavior
- Chapter 2. General Issues in a Single-Case Approach
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Variability
- Variability in basic research
- Variability in applied research
- Clinical vs. statistical significance
- Highlighting variability in the individual
- Repeated measures
- Rapidly changing designs
- 2.3. Experimental Analysis of Sources of Variability Through Improvised Designs
- Subject fails to improve
- Subject improves "spontaneously"
- Subject displays cyclical variability
- Searching for "hidden" sources of variability
- 2.4. Behavior Trends and Intrasubject Averaging
- 2.5. Relation of Variability to Generality of Findings
- 2.6. Generality of Findings
- Types of generality
- Problems in generalizing from a single-case
- 2.7. Some Limitations of Group Designs in Establishing Generality of Findings
- Random sampling and inference in applied research
- Problems in generalizing from the group to the individual
- Improving generality of findings to the individual through homogeneous groups: logical generalization
- 2.8. Homogeneous Groups Versus Replication of a Single-Case Experiment
- Direct replication and treatment/no-treatment control group design
- Systematic and clinical replication and factorial designs
- 2.9. Blurring the Distinction Between Design Options
- Chapter 3. General Procedures in Single-Case Research
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Repeated Measurement
- Practical implications and limitations
- 3.3. Choosing a Baseline
- Baseline stability
- Examples of baselines
- 3.4. Changing One Variable at a Time
- Correct and incorrect applications
- Exceptions to the rule
- Issues in drug evaluation
- 3.5. Reversal and Withdrawal
- The reversal design
- Reversal and withdrawal designs compared
- Withdrawal of treatment
- Limitations and problems
- 3.6. Length of Phases
- Individual and relative length
- Carryover effects
- Cyclic variation
- 3.7. Evaluation of Irreversible Procedures
- Exceptions
- 3.8. Assessing Response Maintenance
- Chapter 4. Behavior Assessment
- 4.1. Selection of Behavior to Assess
- Social significance
- Clinical significance
- Organizational significance
- Personal significance
- 4.2. Measurement of Behavior
- Primary measures: behavioral dimensionals of proximal, directly observed behavior
- Temporality dimensions
- Repeatability dimensions
- Products of behavior
- Behavior rating scales
- Self-reports
- Physiological measures
- 4.3. Settings for Assessment
- Contrived versus naturalistic settings and observations
- A continuum of contrivance
- Defining the behaviors to be observed
- Selecting observers
- Technically enhanced observation
- Training observers
- Reliability and validity
- 4.4. The Assessment of Function
- 4.5. Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 5. Basic A-B-A Withdrawal Designs
- 5.1. Introduction
- Limitations of the case study approach
- 5.2. A-B Design
- A-B with follow-up
- A-B with multiple target measures and follow-up
- A-B with follow-up and booster treatment
- 5.3. A-B-A Design
- A-B-A from the adult literature
- A-B-A from child literature
- 5.4. A-B-A-B Design
- A-B-A-B from child literature
- A-B-A-B when phase change is not under complete experimental control
- A-B-A-B with unexpected improvement in baseline
- A-B-A-B with monitoring of concurrent behaviors
- A-B-A-B with no feedback to experimenter
- 5.5. B-A-B Design
- B-A-B with group data
- B-A-B from rogerian framework
- 5.6. A-B-C-B Design
- A-B-C-B from the child literature
- A-B-C-B in a group application and follow-up
- Chapter 6. Extensions of the A-B-A Design, Uses in Drug Evaluation and Interaction Design Strategies
- 6.1. Extensions and Variations of the A-B-A Withdrawal Design
- 6.2. A-B-A-B-A-B Design
- 6.3. Comparing Separate Treatment Variables/Components
- A-B-A-C-A-C'-A design
- 6.4. Parametric Variations of the Same Treatment Variable/Component
- A-B-A-B-B[subscript 1]-B[subscript 2]-B[subscript 3]-B[subscript N] design
- A-B- B[subscript 1]-B[subscript 2]-A-B[subscript 1] design
- 6.5. Drug Evaluations
- Issues specific to drug evaluations
- Design options
- 6.6. Strategies for Studying Interaction Effects
- 6.7. Changing Criterion Designs
- Chapter 7. Multiple Baseline Designs
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Multiple Baseline Designs
- Types of multiple baseline designs
- Multiple baseline design across behaviors
- Multiple baseline design across subjects
- Multiple baseline across settings
- 7.3. Variations of Multiple Baseline Designs
- Nonconcurrent multiple baseline design
- Multiple-probe technique
- 7.4. Issues in Drug Evaluations
- Chapter 8. Alternating Treatments Design
- 8.1. Introduction
- History and terminology
- 8.2. Procedural Considerations
- Multiple-treatment interference
- Counterbalancing relevant experimental factors
- Number and sequencing of alternations
- 8.3. Examples of Alternating Treatments Designs
- Comparing treatment and no treatment conditions
- Comparing multiple treatments
- 8.4. Advantages of the Alternating Treatments Design
- 8.5. Visual Analysis of the Alternating Treatments Designs
- 8.6. Simultaneous Treatment Design
- Chapter 9. Statistical Analyses for Single-Case Experimental Designs
- 9.1. Introduction and Overview
- 9.2. Single-Subject Experiments and Time-Series Data
- The nature of time-series data
- Mathematical and graphical description of a time series
- The problem of autocorrelation
- Autocorrelation and human behavior
- General comments
- 9.3. Specific Statistical Tests
- Conventional t and F tests
- Randomization tests
- Interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA)
- Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Models
- Model building process
- Intervention (impact) analysis
- ITSA modeling strategies
- Box-Jenkins-Tiao strategy (Box & Tiao, 1965)
- Full series modeling strategy
- Interrupted time-series experiment (ITSE)
- Example
- Intervention analysis
- Other statistical tests
- Revusky's R[subscript n] (test of ranks)
- Split-middle technique
- Double bootstrap method
- Evaluation of statistical tests: which test to choose?
- 9.4. Summary and Conclusion
- Chapter 10. Beyond the Individual: Direct, Systematic, and Clinical Replication Procedures
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Direct Replication
- Definition of direct replication
- Example 1. two successful replications
- Example 2. four successful replications with design alterations during replications
- Example 3. mixed results in a multiple baseline design
- Example 4. simultaneous replication in a group
- Guidelines for direct replication
- 10.3. Systematic Replication
- Definition of systematic replication
- Example: differential attention in children
- Comment on replication
- Guidelines for systematic replication
- 10.4. Clinical Replication
- Definition of clinical replication
- Example: clinical replication with autistic children
- 10.5. Benchmarking
- 10.6. Practice Research Networks
- 10.7. Advantages of Replication of Single-Case Experiments
- Hiawatha Designs an Experiment
- References
- Subject Index
- Name Index
