Sociolinguistic theory : linguistic variation and its social significance /

Sociolinguistic theory : linguistic variation and its social significance /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:Chambers, J. K.
Edition:Rev. ed.
Imprint:Chichester, U.K. ; Malden, MA : Blackwell, 2009.
Description:xxiv, 308 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Language:English
Series:Language in society ; 22
Language in society (Oxford, England) ; 22.
Subject:
Sociolinguistics.
Sociolinguistics.
Format: Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/7479447
Hidden Bibliographic Details
ISBN:9781405152464 (pbk. : alk. paper)
140515246X (pbk. : alk. paper)
Notes:Includes bibliographical references (p. [274]-293) and index.
Table of Contents:
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • Series Editor's Preface
  • Preface to the First Edition
  • Preface to the Second Edition
  • Preface to the Revised Edition
  • Acknowledgments
  • 1. Correlations
  • 1.1. The Domain of Sociolinguistics
  • 1.1.1. Personal characteristics
  • 1.1.2. Linguistic styles
  • 1.1.3. Social characteristics
  • 1.1.4. Sociocultural factors
  • 1.1.5. Sociological factors
  • 1.1.6. Sociolinguistics and the sociology of language
  • 1.2. The Variable as a Structural Unit
  • 1.2.1. Coexistent systems and free variation
  • 1.2.2. The sociolinguistic enterprise
  • 1.2.2.1. Precursors
  • 1.2.2.2. Labov's New York survery
  • 1.2.2.3. Linguistic variables
  • 1.2.2.4. Independent variables
  • 1.2.2.5. Speech in the community
  • 1.2.2.6. One subject, Susan Salto
  • 1.2.2.7. All subjects in three social classes
  • 1.2.3. Figures and tables
  • 1.3. Variation and the Tradition of Categoricity
  • 1.3.1. Langue and parole
  • 1.3.2. The axiom of categoricity
  • 1.3.3. Communicative competence
  • 1.3.4. Linguistics without categoricity
  • 1.3.5. Categorical theory and variation theory
  • 1.3.6. Categoricity in other disciplines
  • 2. Class, Network, and Mobility
  • 2.1. Social Class and Sociolinguistic Sampling
  • 2.1.1. Blue collar and white collar
  • 2.1.2. Judgment samples
  • 2.1.3. Random samples
  • 2.2. Indexing Social Class
  • 2.2.1. Socioeconomic indices
  • 2.2.2. Subject indices
  • 2.2.3. The primacy of occupation as a determinant of class
  • 2.3. Class Markers
  • 2.3.1. Spreading the news in Westerntown
  • 2.3.2. Boston "short o"
  • 2.3.3. Norwich (a:)
  • 2.3.4. Grammatical variables
  • 2.3.5. Montreal que-deletion
  • 2.4. The Effects of Mobility
  • 2.4.1. Caste and class
  • 2.4.2. Comparative mobility
  • 2.4.3. Mobility in language variation
  • 2.4.4. Decline of Briticisms in Canadian English
  • 2.4.5. New York (th) and (dh)
  • 2.4.6. Mobility as a leveling force
  • 2.5. Homogenization
  • 2.5.1. /a/-deletion in Sheshatshiu
  • 2.5.2. /ou/ in Milton Keynes
  • 2.5.3. The persistence of homogenization
  • 2.5.4. (aw)-fronting in Canada
  • 2.5.5. Dialect laws of mobility and isolation
  • 2.6. Networks
  • 2.6.1. Norm enforcement
  • 2.6.2. Network and class
  • 2.6.3. Some network studies
  • 2.6.4. Measures of network bonds
  • 2.6.5. Sociometrics
  • 2.6.6. Measures of network integration
  • 2.7. Linguistic Correlates of Network Integration
  • 2.7.1. Phonological markers in Martha's Vineyard
  • 2.7.2. Grammatical markers in the Reading playgrounds
  • 2.8. Interaction of Network and Other Independent Variables
  • 2.8.1. Social class
  • 2.8.2. Sex
  • 2.8.3. Age
  • 2.8.3.1. Network change in Detroit
  • 2.9. Oddballs and Insiders
  • 2.9.1. Outsiders
  • 2.9.1.1. Lames in Harlem
  • 2.9.1.2. Ignaz in Grossdorf
  • 2.9.2. Aspirers
  • 2.9.2.1. A, B, and C in Articlave
  • 2.9.2.2. Samson in Anniston
  • 2.9.3. Interlopers
  • 2.9.3.1. Mr J in Toronto
  • 2.9.3.2. Newcomers in King of Prussia
  • 2.9.4. Insiders
  • 2.9.4.1. A "typical" boy in a New England village
  • 2.9.4.2. Elizabeth in Toronto
  • 2.9.4.3. Insiders as language leaders
  • 2.9.5. The linguistic limits of individuation
  • 3. Expressing Sex and Gender
  • 3.1. The Interplay of Biology and Sociology
  • 3.1.1. Sex and gender
  • 3.1.2. Some sex differences
  • 3.1.3. Probabilistic, not absolute, differences
  • 3.1.4. Vocal pitch as a sex difference
  • 3.2. Sex Patterns with Stable Variables
  • 3.2.1. Variable (ng)
  • 3.2.1.1. The regional variant [in]
  • 3.2.1.2. Variant [characters not reproducible n] as a sex marker
  • 3.2.2. Norwich (ng)
  • 3.2.3. Sydney (ng)
  • 3.3. Language, Gender, and Mobility in Two Communities
  • 3.3.1. Inner-city Detroit
  • 3.3.1.1. Variable (th)
  • 3.3.1.2. Variable (r)
  • 3.3.1.3. Multiple negation
  • 3.3.1.4. Copula deletion
  • 3.3.1.5. Gender roles in inner-city Detroit
  • 3.3.2. Ballymacarrett, Belfast
  • 3.3.2.1. Variable ([Lambda])
  • 3.3.2.2. Variable (th)
  • 3.3.2.3. Variable ([epsilon])
  • 3.3.2.4. Variable ([characters not reproducible])
  • 3.3.2.5. Gender roles in Ballymacarrett
  • 3.4. Sex and Gender Differences in Language
  • 3.4.1. Gender-based variability
  • 3.4.1.1. Isolation and gender roles
  • 3.4.1.2. Shifting roles in coastal South Carolina
  • 3.4.1.3. Mobility and gender roles
  • 3.4.2. Sex-based variability
  • 3.4.2.1. MC blurring of gender roles
  • 3.4.2.2. "Status consciousness"
  • 3.4.2.3. "Face"
  • 3.4.2.4. Sociolinguistic ability
  • 3.4.2.5. Verbal ability
  • 3.4.2.6. Psychological explanations
  • 3.4.2.7. Sex differences
  • 3.4.2.8. Insignificance of individual differences
  • 3.5. Male and Female Speech Patterns in Other Societies
  • 3.5.1. Limits on female-male differences
  • 3.5.2. Putative differences in Japan
  • 3.5.3. The Middle East
  • 3.5.3.1. (q) in Cairo, Amman, and elsewhere
  • 3.5.3.2. A gender-based explanation
  • 3.5.3.3. Prestige and standard varieties
  • 3.6. Linguistic Evidence for Sex and Gender Differences
  • 4. Accents in Time
  • 4.1. Aging
  • 4.1.1. Physical and cultural indicators
  • 4.1.2. Some linguistic indicators
  • 4.2. The Acquisition of Sociolects
  • 4.2.1. Three formative periods
  • 4.2.2. Development of stylistic and social variants
  • 4.2.2.1. Style-shifting by Edinburgh schoolboys
  • 4.2.2.2. Communal patterns in Scottish 10-year-olds
  • 4.2.2.3. Emerging African American phonology in Washington
  • 4.3. Family and Friends
  • 4.3.1. Dialect acquisition
  • 4.3.1.1. Six Canadians in England
  • 4.3.1.2. British twins in Australia
  • 4.3.2. Generational differences in bilingual situations
  • 4.3.2.1. Language shift in Oberwart, Austria
  • 4.3.2.2. Loan words in Spanish Harlem
  • 4.3.3. Parents versus peers
  • 4.4. Declarations of Adolescence
  • 4.4.1. An adolescent majority
  • 4.4.2. Outer markings including slang
  • 4.4.3. Adolescent networks and linguistic variation
  • 4.4.3.1. Jocks and Burnouts in Detroit
  • 4.4.3.2. Burnouts and Rednecks in Farmer City
  • 4.5. Young Adults in the Talk Market
  • 4.5.1. The marche linguistique
  • 4.5.2. "Legitimized language" in Montreal
  • 4.5.2.1. Auxiliary avoir and etre
  • 4.5.3. Playing the talk market
  • 4.5.4. Linguistic stability in middle and old age
  • 4.6. Changes in Progress
  • 4.6.1. Age-grading
  • 4.6.1.1. Zee and zed in southern Ontario
  • 4.6.1.2. Glottal stops in Glasgow
  • 4.6.2. Real time and apparent time
  • 4.6.2.1. Real-time changes in Tsuruoka
  • 4.6.2.2. An apparent-time change in Milwaukee
  • 4.6.3. Testing the apparent-time hypothesis
  • 4.6.3.1. Slower progress at higher frequencies: (e) in Norwich
  • 4.6.3.2. Verifying inferences about change: (CH) in Panama
  • 5. Adaptive Significance of Language Variation
  • 5.1. The Babelian Hypothesis
  • 5.1.1. The evidence of subjective reaction tests
  • 5.1.1.1. Teachers' evaluations of students
  • 5.1.1.2. Employers' evaluations of job candidates
  • 5.1.2. Dialect as a source of conflict
  • 5.2. Global Counteradaptivity and Local Adaptivity
  • 5.2.1. Counteradaptivity and power
  • 5.2.2. Adaptivity and community
  • 5.3. Dialects in Lower Animals
  • 5.3.1. Buzzy and Clear white-crowned sparrows
  • 5.3.2. The theory of genetic adaptation
  • 5.3.3. The theory of social adaptation
  • 5.4. The Persistence of the Non-Standard
  • 5.4.1. Covert prestige
  • 5.4.2. Status and solidarity
  • 5.4.2.1. Jewish and MC accents in Montreal
  • 5.4.2.2. High and low accents in Guangzhou
  • 5.5. Traditional Theories of the Sources of Diversity
  • 5.5.1. Variation and climates
  • 5.5.2. Variation and contact
  • 5.5.3. The prevalence of diversity
  • 5.6. A Sociolinguistic Theory of the Sources of Diversity
  • 5.6.1. Linguistic diversity and social strata
  • 5.6.2. Two tenets about standard dialects
  • 5.6.2.1. Naturalness and economy
  • 5.6.2.2. Medial /t/
  • 5.6.2.3. Economy as a general linguistic force
  • 5.6.2.4. Morpheme-final consonant clusters
  • 5.6.2.5. Standard and non-standard (CC)
  • 5.6.3. Naturalness beyond phonetics
  • 5.6.3.1. The principle of conjugation regularization
  • 5.6.3.2. Standard and non-standard conjugation regularization
  • 5.6.4. Two constraints on variation in standard dialects
  • 5.7. Vernacular Roots
  • 5.7.1. Diffusionist and structural explanations
  • 5.7.2. Problems with the diffusionist position
  • 5.7.3. The internal-structural position
  • 5.7.4. Primitive and learned features
  • 5.7.4.1. Obstruent devoicing in second-language learning
  • 5.7.4.2. Devoicing and voicing medial /t/
  • 5.7.5. Sociolinguistic implications
  • 5.8. Linguistic Variation and Social Identity
  • Notes
  • References
  • Index
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