Introduction to macromolecular crystallography /
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| Author / Creator: | McPherson, Alexander, 1944- |
|---|---|
| Edition: | 2nd ed. |
| Imprint: | Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Blackwell, c2009. |
| Description: | x, 267 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/7728131 |
Table of Contents:
- Prefact
- 1. An Overview of Macromolecular Crystallography
- What do we mean by the structure of something?
- An Analogy
- A Lens and Optical Diffraction Patterns
- How X-Ray Diffraction Works
- The Phase Problem
- The Electron Density
- 2. Crystallization of Macromolecules
- Crystals Grow from Supersaturated Solutions
- Why Crystals Grow
- Proteins Present Special Problems for Crystallographers
- Properties of Macromolecular Crystals
- Crystallization Strategy
- Screening and Optimization
- Creating the Supersaturated State
- Precipitating Agents
- Factors Influencing Protein Crystal Growth
- Some Useful Considerations
- Typical Trial Arrays
- The Importance of Protein Purity and Homogenity
- Solubilization
- Seeding
- Automated Crystallization and Robotics
- Important Principles
- 3. The Nature of Crystals: Symmetry and the Unit Cell
- The Asymmetric Unit
- The Space Group
- The Unit Cell
- The Lattice Translations
- Symmetry and Equivalent Positions
- Why So Few Kinds of Unit Cells
- Primitive and Centered Lattices
- Planes, Miller Indexes, and Convolutions
- The Reciprocal Lattice
- Crystals as Waves of Electrons in Three-Dimensional Space
- 4. Waves and their Properties
- The Properties of Waves
- Waves as Vectors and Complex Numbers
- Addition of Waves
- Manipulating Vectors
- Some Useful Waves Relationships
- The Fourier Synthesis, Planes, and the Electron Density
- 5. Diffraction from Points, Planes, Molecules, and Crystals
- Diffraction Pattern of an Arbitrary Array of Points in Space
- Diffraction from Equally Spaced Points Along a Line
- Diffraction from Plane, Families of Planes, and Lattices of Points
- Continuous and Discontinuous Transforms
- Diffraction from a Crystal
- The Structure Factor for a Crystal
- The Structure Factor as a Product of Transforms
- Temperature Factors
- Centers of Symmetry
- Friedel's Law
- Anomalous Dispersion Effects
- The Electron Density Equation
- The Phase Problem
- 6. Interpretation of Diffraction Patterns
- Diffraction Patterns, Planes, and Reciprocal Space
- Ewald's Sphere
- Crystal Symmetry and the Symmetry of the Diffraction Pattern
- Symmetry and Systematic Absences
- Analysis of Diffraction Patterns
- Symmetry in Diffraction Space
- More Thoughts on Space Groups
- Other Information in Diffraction Patterns
- 7. Data Collection
- What is Involved
- X-ray Sources and the Production of X Rays
- Detectors and the Recording of Diffraction Intensities
- Data Management Procedures
- Crystal Mounting and Handling
- X-ray Data Processing
- Scaling of X-ray Diffraction Data
- Real Space and Diffraction Space
- 8. Solving the Phase Problem
- Patterson Methods
- The Heavy Atom Method
- The R Factor and Crystallographic Refinement
- Isomorphous Replacement
- Formulation of Isomorphous Replacement in Protein Crystallography
- Isomorphous Replacement in Practice
- Molecular Replacement
- Phase Extension Using Noncrystallographic Symmetry
- Anomalous Scattering Approaches
- Direct Methods
- 9. Interpreting Patterson Maps
- What Is a Patterson Map
- Creating a Patterson Map from a Crystal
- Patterson Maps as Molecular Covolutions
- Deconvoluting Patterson Maps
- Harker Planes or Sections
- Using the Patterson Map for Isomorphous Replacement
- 10. Electron Density, Refinement, and Difference Fourier Maps
- Resolution of Electron Density Maps
- Interpretation of Electron Density Maps
- Constructing a Model
- Model Refinement
- Reciprocal Space Refinement Least Squares
- Real Space Refinement: Difference Fourier Syntheses
- Additional Considerations in Refinement
- The Free R Factor
- Some General Observations
- Criteria for Judging a Structure Determination
- Biochemical Experiments Using X-ray Crystallography
- The Difference Fourier Method
- Bibliography
- Index
