Geological field techniques /

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Bibliographic Details
Imprint:	[Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.] : Wiley-Blackwell ; [Milton Keynes, U.K.] : The Open University, 2010.
Description:	xi, 323 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 25 cm.
Language:	English
Subject:	Geology -- Fieldwork. Geology -- Fieldwork.
Format:	Print Book
URL for this record:	http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/8165430

Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:	Coe, Angela L.
ISBN:	9781444330618 (hardback) 1444330616 (hardback) 9781444330625 (pbk.) 1444330624 (pbk.)
Notes:	Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary:	"The understanding of Earth processes and environments over geological time is highly dependent upon both the experience that can only be gained through doing fieldwork, and the collection of reliable data and appropriate samples in the field. This textbook explains the main data gathering techniques used by geologists in the field and the reasons for these, with emphasis throughout on how to make effective field observations and record these in suitable formats. Equal weight is given to assembling field observations from igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock types. There are also substantial chapters on producing a field notebook, collecting structural information, recording fossil data and constructing geological maps. The volume is in a robust and handy size, with colour coded chapters for ease of use and quick reference in the field. This textbook is designed for students, amateur enthusiasts and professionals who have a background in geology and wish to collect field data on rocks and geological features. Teaching aspects of this textbook include: step-by-step guides to essential practical skills such as using a compass-clinometer, drawing a geological map and making a field sketch; tricks of the trade, checklists, flow charts and short worked examples; over 200 illustrations of a wide range of field notes, maps and geological features; appendices with the commonly used rock description and classification diagrams; a supporting website hosted by Wiley Blackwell"--

Table of Contents:

Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
1.1. A selection of general books and reference material on geology
1.2. Books on geological field techniques
2. Field equipment and safety
2.1. Introduction
2.2. The hand lens and binoculars
2.3. The compass-clinometer
2.3.1. Orientation of a dipping plane
2.3.2. Orientation of a linear feature
2.3.3. Triangulation: Determining location using a compass
2.4. Global positioning systems and altimeters
2.5. Measuring distance and thickness
2.5.1. Standard thickness and distance measurements
2.5.2. Use of the Jacob staff to measure the thickness of inclined strata
2.6. Classification and colour charts
2.7. Hammer, chisels and other hardware
2.8. The hardcopy field notebook
2.9. The laptop, netbook or PDA as a notebook
2.10. Writing equipment, maps and relevant literature
2.10.1. Writing equipment
2.10.2. Maps and relevant literature
2.11. Comfort, field safety and field safety equipment
2.11.1. Clothes, backpack/rucksack and personal provisions
2.11.2. Field safety
2.11.3. Field safety equipment
2.12. Conservation, respect and obtaining permission!
2.13. Further reading
3. Introduction to field observations at different scales
3.1. Introduction: What, where and how?
3.1.1. Defining the fieldwork objective
3.1.2. Deciding where to do the fieldwork
3.1.3. Locating your position
3.2. Scale of observation, where to start and basic measurements
3.2.1. Regional context
3.2.2. Whole exposure
3.2.3. Hand specimens
3.3. Overview of possible data formats
4. The field notebook
4.1. Introduction: The purpose of field notes
4.2. Field notebook layout
4.2.1. Preliminary pages
4.2.2. Daily entries
4.2.3. General tips
4.3. Field sketches: A picture is worth a thousand words
4.3.1. General principles: Aims, space and tools
4.3.2. Sketches of exposures
4.3.3. Sketching metre- and centimetre-scale features
4.3.4. Sketch maps
4.4. Written notes: Recording data, ideas and interpretation
4.4.1. Notes recording data and observations
4.4.2. Notes recording interpretation, discussion and ideas
4.5. Correlation with other data sets and interpretations
5. Recording palaeontological information
5.1. Introduction: Fossils are smart particles
5.1.1. Why are fossils important?
5.1.2. Collecting fossil data
5.2. Fossil types and preservation
5.2.1. Body fossil classification
5.2.2. Body fossil preservation
5.2.3. Trace fossils
5.2.4. Molecular fossils
5.3. Fossil distribution and where to find them
5.3.1. Transported or life position?
5.4. Sampling strategies
5.4.1. Sampling for biostratigraphic or evolutionary studies
5.4.2. Sampling of bedding surfaces and palaeoecology
5.5. Estimating abundance
5.5.1. Presence/absence and qualitative abundance estimates
5.5.2. Quantitative measures of abundance
5.5.3. How many samples are required?
5.6. Summary
5.7. Further reading
6. Recording features of sedimentary rocks and constructing graphic logs
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Description, recognition and recording of sedimentary deposits and sedimentary structures
6.2.1. Recording sedimentary lithology
6.2.2. Recording sedimentary structures
6.3. Graphic logs
6.3.1. Conventions for graphic logs
6.3.2. Constructing a graphic log
6.4. Rocks in space: Reconstructing sedimentary environments and their diagnostic features
6.5. Using sedimentary rocks to interpret climate change and sea-level change
6.5.1. Climate change
6.5.2. Sequence stratigraphy and relative sea-level change
6.6. Further reading
7. Recording features of igneous rocks
7.1. Equipment, basic tips and safety
7.2. Field relationships of igneous rocks
7.2.1. Relationships with surrounding rocks
7.2.2. Internal architecture: Joints and veins
7.2.3. Internal architecture: Other exposure-scale fabrics
7.3. Mineralogy and small-scale textures of igneous rocks
7.3.1. Petrologic type
7.3.2. Mineral texture and fabric
7.4. Recent and active volcanoes
7.4.1. Equipment and safety
7.4.2. Access
7.4.3. Observations
7.5. Further reading
8. Recording structural information
8.1. Equipment and measurement
8.1.1. Structural measurements and notations
8.2. Brittle structures: Faults, joints and veins
8.2.1. Planar brittle features - orientation
8.2.2. Determining past motion on brittle structures
8.3. Ductile structures: Shear zones, foliations and folds
8.3.1. Orientation of ductile planar features
8.3.2. Direction of shear/stretching: Stretching lineations
8.3.3. Sense of shear: Kinematic indicators
8.3.4. Magnitude of shear strain
8.3.5. Fold analysis
8.4. Further reading
9. Recording features of metamorphic rocks
9.1. Basic skills and equipment for metamorphic fieldwork
9.1.1. Field relations and context
9.2. Textures
9.2.1. Banding
9.2.2. Grain textures
9.2.3. Reaction textures
9.3. Mineralogy
9.3.1. Identifying common metamorphic minerals
9.3.2. Using mineral assemblages
9.3.3. Classification of metamorphic rocks
9.4. Unravelling metamorphism and deformation
9.4.1. Pre-kinematic features
9.4.2. Syn-kinematic features
9.4.3. Post-kinematic features
9.5. Further reading
10. Making a geological map
10.1. Principles and aims
10.2. Preparation and materials
10.2.1. Base maps and other aids
10.2.2. Equipment for mapping
10.3. Location, location, location
10.3.1. Equipment
10.3.2. Using base maps
10.4. Making a field map
10.4.1. Information to record on field maps
10.4.2. The evolving map
10.4.3. Sketch cross-sections
10.5. Mapping techniques
10.5.1. Traverse mapping
10.5.2. Contact mapping
10.5.3. Exposure mapping
10.5.4. Using other evidence
10.6. The geological map
10.6.1. Inking in the field map
10.6.2. Cross-sections
10.6.3. Fair copy maps
10.6.4. Digital maps and GIS
10.7. Further reading
11. Recording numerical data and use of instruments in the field
11.1. Data collection
11.1.1. Instrument calibration and base stations
11.1.2. Survey grid
11.2. Transport and protection of the instruments
11.3. Correlation with other data sets
11.4. Further reading
12. Photography
13. Sampling
13.1. Selecting and labelling samples
13.1.1. Samples for thin-sections
13.1.2. Orientated samples
13.1.3. Samples for geochemical analysis
13.1.4. Samples for mineral extraction
13.1.5. Samples for fossils
13.1.6. Sampling for regional studies
13.1.7. High-resolution sample sets
13.1.8. Labelling samples and their packaging
13.2. Practical advice
13.2.1. Packing and marking materials
13.2.2. Extraction of samples
14. Concluding remarks
14.1. Further reading on scientific report writing
References
Appendix A1. General
Appendix A5. Fossils
Appendix A6. Sedimentary
Appendix A7. Igneous
Appendix A8. Structural
Appendix A9. Metamorphic
Appendix A10. Mapping
Index

Geological field techniques /

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