Parasites in ecological communities : from interactions to ecosystems /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:	Hatcher, Melanie J.
Imprint:	Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Description:	xv, 445 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.
Language:	English
Series:	Ecology, biodiversity and conservation Ecology, biodiversity, and conservation.
Subject:	Parasites -- Ecology. Parasites -- Behavior. Host-parasite relationships. Parasitology. Biotic communities. Biotic communities. Host-parasite relationships. Parasites -- Behavior. Parasites -- Ecology. Parasitology.
Format:	Print Book
URL for this record:	http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/8450827

Hidden Bibliographic Details
Other authors / contributors:	Dunn, Alison M.
ISBN:	9780521889704 (hardback) 0521889707 (hardback) 9780521718226 (paperback) 0521718228 (paperback)
Notes:	Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary:	"Interactions between competitors, predators and their prey have traditionally been viewed as the foundation of community structure. Parasites - long ignored in community ecology - are now recognized as playing an important part in influencing species interactions and consequently affecting ecosystem function. Parasitism can interact with other ecological drivers, resulting in both detrimental and beneficial effects on biodiversity and ecosystem health. Species interactions involving parasites are also key to understanding many biological invasions and emerging infectious diseases. This book bridges the gap between community ecology and epidemiology to create a wide-ranging examination of how parasites and pathogens affect all aspects of ecological communities, enabling the new generation of ecologists to include parasites as a key consideration in their studies. This comprehensive guide to a newly emerging field is of relevance to academics, practitioners and graduates in biodiversity, conservation and population management, and animal and human health"--

Table of Contents:

Acknowledgements
List of abbreviations
Introduction
1.1. Concepts from epidemiology
1.2. Concepts from community ecology
1.3. Parasites
1.4. Aims of this book
2. Parasites and competitors
2.1. Introduction
2.1.1. Parasitism in modules of competition
2.2. One-host-one-parasite systems
2.2.1. Population dynamics
2.2.2. Competitive release
2.3. Apparent competition
2.3.1. Baseline theory
2.3.2. Implications for biological control
2.3.3. Empirical evidence for apparent competition
2.4. Parasite-mediated competition
2.4.1. Specialist parasite-mediated competition
2.4.2. Shared parasite-mediated competition
2.5. Parasite-modified competition
2.6. Examples from conservation and management
2.6.1. Red squirrels, grey squirrels and poxvirus
2.6.2. Grey partridge, pheasants and nematodes
2.6.3. White-tailed deer, moose and brainworm
2.6.4. Red grouse, deer, mountain hare, sheep and louping ill virus
2.7. Competition between parasites
2.7.1. Competition for resources
2.7.2. Apparent and host-mediated competition
2.7.3. Coinfections and trait-mediated indirect effects
2.8. Conclusions
3. Parasites and predators
3.1. Introduction
3.1.1. Overview of predation modules
3.2. Parasites of prey with specialist predators
3.2.1. Baseline theory
3.2.2. Empirical examples
3.3. Parasites of prey with generalist predators
3.3.1. Baseline theory
3.3.2. Empirical examples
3.3.3. Evolutionary dynamics and predation
3.4. Parasites of predators
3.4.1. Baseline theory
3.4.2. Empirical examples
3.5. Parasites of predators and prey
3.5.1. Patterns and evolution of manipulation and trophic transmission
3.5.2. Theoretical impacts on populations and communities
3.6. Applications: predator control and harvesting
3.6.1. Do predators keep the herds healthy?
3.6.2. Biological control
3.6.3. Harvesting infected populations
3.7. Conclusions
4. Parasites and intraguild predation
4.1. Introduction
4.l.l. Parasitism and Igp
4.1.2. Predictions from basic Igp theory
4.2. Ecological significance of Igp
4.3. Igp as a unifying framework for competition and predation
4.4. Parasites intrinsic to Igp
4.4.1. Igp in trophic transmission
4.4.2. Parasites and Igp in biological control
4.4.3. Biological control scenarios with Igp
4.5. Parasites extrinsic to Igp
4.5.1. Parasite-modified Igp
4.5.2. The potential for parasitism to interact with Igp
4.6. Models of parasitism extrinsic to Igp
4.7. Igp and the evolution of host-parasite relationships
4.8. Conclusions
5. Plant pathogens and parasitic plants
5.1. Introduction
5.1.1. Differences between animal and plant-parasite systems
5.1.2. Parasites of plants
5.2. Soil-borne pathogens
5.2.1. The Janzen-Connell effect
5.2.2. Plant-soil feed back
5.2.3. Pathogen-modified and apparent competition
5.3. Plant defence strategies
5.3.1. Chemical signalling pathways
5.3.2. Multiple enemies: positive and negative cross-talk
5.3.3. Signalling and manipulation
5.3.4. Above- and below-ground interactions
5.4. Parasitic plants
5.4.1. Dodder (Cuscuta)
5.4.2. Mistletoe (Santalales)
5.4.3. Broomrape (Orobanchaceae)
5.5. Endophtyes
5.5.1. Endophyte effects on communities
5.5.2. Endophyte interactions with plant parasites and mutualists
5.6. Conclusions
6. Parasites and invasions
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Parasite introduction and acquisition
6.3. Loss of parasites by invaders: enemy release
6.3.1. Community studies of parasitism in invasive versus indigenous species
6.3.2. Biogeographical studies of parasitism in the native versus invasive range
6.3.3. Enemy release from vertically transmitted parasites
6.4. Invasions and host-parasite co-evolution
6.4.1. Local adaptation
6.4.2. Evolution of increased competitive ability
6.4.3. Plant-soil feed back
6.5. The impact of parasitism on biological invasions
6.5.1. Parasite dilution by invading hosts
6.5.2. Invading hosts as infection reservoirs
6.5.3. Native hosts as infection reservoirs
6.5.4. Native invader interactions mediated by parasites
6.6. Conclusions
7. Ecosystem parasitology
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Trophic cascades
7.2.1. Density-mediated trophic cascades
7.2.2. Trait-mediated trophic cascades
7.3. Parasite dynamics in multi-host communities
7.3.1. Baseline model: parasite establishment in multiple host species
7.3.2. Reservoir versus dilution and host competence
7.3.3. Lyme disease risk, dilution and reservoir hosts
7.4. Biodiversity and disease
7.4.1. Determinants of disease spread
7.4.2. Transmission models and biodiversity relationships
7.5. Parasites in the food web
7.5.1. Functional role and interaction strength
7.5.2. Parasitism and food web topology
7.5.3. Implications for community stability
7.6. Bioenergetic implications of parasitism
7.6.1. Parasite biomass
7.6.2. Parasite productivity
7.7. Ecosystem engineering
7.8. Ecosystem health
7.8.1. Integrating population and community approaches to the study of ecosystems
7.8.2. Are parasites indicators of healthy ecosystems?
7.9. Evolutionary considerations
7.10. Conclusions
8. Emerging diseases in humans and wildlife
8.1. Introduction
8.1.1. Emerging approaches to the problem of Eids
8.1.2. What are the problems caused by Eids?
8.2. The process of disease emergence
8.2.1. Spillover
8.2.2. Persistence
8.2.3. Pandemic emergence
8.2.4. Heterogeneity in Ro: superspreaders and their effect on disease dynamics
8.3. The evolution of emergence
8.3.1. Virulence evolution of emerging diseases
8.4. Phylogenetic and temporal patterns of emergence
8.4.1. Which diseases emerge, and in which hosts?
8.4.2. Are Eids increasing?
8.5. Environmental change and emergence
8.5.1. Land use changes
8.5.2. Trade and transport changes
8.5.3. Climate change and emerging diseases
8.6. Conservation and control
8.6.1. Monitoring
8.6.2. Contact reduction
8.6.3. Vaccination
8.7. Conclusions
9. Where do we go from here?
References
Index

Parasites in ecological communities : from interactions to ecosystems /

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