Health policy issues : an economic perspective /

Health policy issues : an economic perspective /

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Bibliographic Details
Author / Creator:Feldstein, Paul J.
Edition:5th ed.
Imprint:Chicago : Health Administration Press ; Arlington, VA : Association of University Programs in Health Administration (AUPHA), ©2011.
Description:xxii, 561 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm
Language:English
Subject:
Medical economics -- United States.
Medical policy -- Economic aspects -- United States.
Medical care -- United States -- Cost control.
Medical care, Cost of -- United States.
Medical care -- Cost control.
Medical care, Cost of.
Medical economics.
Medical policy -- Economic aspects.
United States.
Format: E-Resource Print Book
URL for this record:http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/8534452
Hidden Bibliographic Details
ISBN:9781567934182
1567934188
Notes:Includes bibliographical references (pages 527-542) and index.
Table of Contents:
  • List of Exhibits
  • Preface
  • 1. The Rise of Medical Expenditures
  • Before Medicare and Medicaid
  • The Increasing Role of Government
  • Changing Patient and Provider Incentives
  • Government Response to Rising Costs
  • A Look Ahead
  • 2. How Much Should We Spend on Medical Care?
  • Consumer Sovereignty
  • Economic Efficiency
  • Government and Employer Concerns over Rising Medical Expenditures
  • Approaches to Limiting Increases in Medical Expenditures
  • 3. Do More Medical Expenditures Produce Better Health?
  • Medical Services Versus Health
  • Health Production Function
  • Improving Health Status Cost Effectively
  • Relationship of Medical Care to Health over Time
  • 4. In Whose Interest Does the Physician Act?
  • The Physician as a Perfect Agent for the Patient
  • Supplier-Induced Demand
  • Increase in Physician Supply
  • Insurers' Response to Demand Inducement
  • HMOs
  • Informed Purchasers
  • 5. Rationing Medical Services
  • Government Rationing
  • Rationing by Ability to Pay
  • Decision Making by Consumers of Medical Services
  • Marginal Benefit Curve
  • Price Sensitivity
  • 6. How Much Health Insurance Should Everyone Have?
  • Definitions of Insurance Terms
  • Insurance-Purchase Decision Making
  • Tax-Free, Employer-Paid Health Insurance
  • 7. Why Are Those Who Most Need Health Insurance Least Able to Buy It?
  • Medical Loss Ratios
  • How Health Insurance Markets Work
  • Additional Legislative Changes Affecting the Health Insurance Market
  • 8. Medicare
  • The Current State of Medicare
  • Part A. (HI)
  • Part B. (SMI)
  • Part C. Medicare Advantage Plans
  • Part D. Outpatient Prescription Drugs
  • Medigap Supplementary insurance
  • Concerns About the Current Medicare System
  • The Impending Bankruptcy of Medicare
  • Proposals for Medicare Reform
  • Politics of Medicare Reform
  • 9. Medicaid
  • An Illustration of Medicaid Eligibility
  • State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
  • Medicaid Beneficiaries and Medicaid Expenditures
  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)
  • Medicaid Policy Issues
  • Medicaid Managed Care
  • Reforming Medicaid
  • 10. How Does Medicare Pay Physicians?
  • Previous Medicare Physician Payment System
  • Reasons for Adopting the New Payment System
  • Components of the New Payment System
  • Effects of Medicare's Payment System
  • 11. Is There an Impending Shortage of Physicians?
  • Definitions of a Physician Shortage or Surplus
  • Consequences of an Imbalance in the Supply and Demand for Physicians
  • Economic Evidence on Trends in Physician Demand and Supply
  • Longer-Term Outlook for Physicians
  • 12. The Changing Practice of Medicine
  • Types of Medical Groups
  • Changes in the Size of Medical Groups
  • Reversal of Fortunes of Large Multispecialty Groups
  • Outlook for Medical Group Practices
  • 13. Recurrent Malpractice Crises
  • Explanations for the Rise in Malpractice Premiums
  • Objectives of the Malpractice System
  • Proposed Changes to the Malpractice System
  • Enterprise Liability
  • The Effects of Various Tort Reforms
  • 14. Do Nonprofit Hospitals Behave Differently than For-Profit Hospitals?
  • Why Are Hospitals Predominately Nonprofit?
  • Performance of Nonprofit and For-Profit Hospitals
  • The Question of Tax-Exempt Status
  • 15. Competition Among Hospitals: Does It Raise or Lower Costs?
  • Origins of Non-price Competition
  • Transition to Price Competition
  • Price Competition in Theory
  • Price Competition in Practice
  • 16. The Future Role of Hospitals
  • From Medicare to the Present
  • The Hospital Outlook
  • Hospital Revenues
  • Potential Hospital Threats
  • Alternative Hospital Scenarios
  • 17. Cost Shifting
  • Setting Prices to Maximize Profits
  • Origins of Claims of Cost Shifting
  • Price Discrimination
  • Conditions Under Which Cost Shifting Can Occur
  • The Direction of Causality
  • 18. Can Price Controls Limit Medical Expenditure Increases?
  • Effect of Price Controls in Theory
  • Effect of Price Controls in Practice
  • Global Budgets
  • 19. The Evolution of Managed Care
  • Why Managed Care Came About
  • What Is Managed Care?
  • Types of Managed Care Plans
  • How Has Managed Care Performed?
  • One-Time Versus Continual Cost Savings
  • The Change in Managed Care
  • Recent Developments in Managed Care
  • Consumer-Driven Health Care
  • Accountable Care Organizations
  • 20. Has Competition Been Tried-and Has It Failed-to Improve the US Healthcare System?
  • Criteria for Judging Performance of a Country's Medical Sector
  • How Medical Markets Differ from Competitive Markets
  • Demand-Side Market Failures
  • Supply-Side Market Failures
  • How Can Medical Markets Be More Competitive?
  • What Might Competitive Medical Markets Look Like?
  • Are the Poor Disadvantaged in a Competitive Market?
  • 21. Comparative Effectiveness Research
  • CER and the Role of Government
  • Concerns over How CER Will Be Used
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
  • Quality-Adjusted Life Years
  • The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
  • 22. US Competitiveness and Rising Health Costs
  • Who Pays for Higher Employee Medical Costs?
  • Who Pays for Retiree Medical Costs?
  • Possible Adverse Effects of Rising Medical Costs on the US Economy
  • 23. Why Is Getting into Medical School So Difficult?
  • The Market for Medical Education in Theory
  • The Market for Medical Education in Practice
  • Accreditation for Medical Schools
  • Recommended Changes
  • 24. The Shortage of Nurses
  • Measuring Nursing Shortages
  • Nursing Shortages in Theory
  • Nursing Shortages in Practice
  • Federal Subsidies to Nursing Schools and Students
  • 25. The High Price of Prescription Drugs
  • Reasons for the Increase in Pharmaceutical Expenditures
  • Pricing Practices of US Pharmaceutical Companies
  • 26. Ensuring Safety and Efficacy of New Drugs: Too Much of a Good Thing?
  • History of Regulation of Prescription Drugs
  • FDA's Stringent Guidelines for Safety and Efficacy
  • 27. Why Are Prescription Drugs Less Expensive Overseas?
  • Accuracy of Studies on International Variations in Drug Prices
  • Why Prescription Drugs Are Expected to Be Priced Lower Overseas
  • Public Policy Issues
  • 28. The Pharmaceutical Industry: A Public Policy Dilemma
  • Public Policy Dilemma
  • Structure of the Pharmaceutical Industry
  • Development of New Drugs by the US Pharmaceutical Industry
  • The Political Attractiveness of Price Controls on Prescription Drugs
  • Consequences of Price Controls on Prescription Drugs
  • 29. Should Kidneys and Other Organs Be Bought and Sold?
  • Sources of Organs for Transplant
  • Donor Compensation Proposals
  • Opposition to Financial Incentives to Organ Donation
  • Additional Considerations
  • 30. The Role of Government in Medical Care
  • Public-Interest View of Government
  • Economic Theory of Regulation
  • 31. Medical Research, Medical Education, Alcohol Consumption, and Pollution: Who Should Pay?
  • External Costs and Benefits
  • Government Policies When Externalities Exist
  • Divergence between Theoretical and Actual Government Policy
  • 32. The Canadian Healthcare System
  • Higher Life Expectancy and Lower Infant Mortality Rate
  • Universal Coverage
  • Controlling Healthcare Costs in Canada
  • Consequences of Strict Limits on Per Capita Costs
  • Is Canada Abandoning its Single-Payer System?
  • Should the United States Adopt the Canadian System?
  • 33. Employer-Mandated National Health Insurance
  • The Uninsured
  • Why the Uninsured Do Not Have Health Insurance
  • Consequences of Employer-Mandated Health Insurance
  • Political Consequences of Employer-Mandated Health Insurance
  • 34. National Health Insurance: Which Approach and Why?
  • Criteria for National Health Insurance
  • National Health Insurance Proposals
  • Refundable Tax Credits: An Income-Related Proposal
  • 35. Financing Long-Term Care
  • The Nature of Long-Term Care
  • Current State of Long-Term Care Financing
  • Why Do So Few Aged Buy Long-Term Care Insurance?
  • Approaches to Financing Long-Term Care
  • 36. The Politics of Healthcare Reform
  • Differing Goals of Healthcare Reform
  • The Need for Visible Benefits to the Middle Class and Aged
  • Groups with a Concentrated Interest in Healthcare Reform
  • The Legislative Process
  • The Administration's Objective for Healthcare Reform: A Hypothesis
  • The Years Ahead
  • Appendix A. Brief Summary of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010
  • Glossary
  • References
  • Index
  • About the Author
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