Intercultural communication : a discourse approach /
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| Author / Creator: | Scollon, Ronald, 1939- |
|---|---|
| Edition: | 3rd ed. |
| Imprint: | Chichester, West Sussex ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. |
| Description: | xix, 311 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. |
| Language: | English |
| Series: | Language in society Language in society (Oxford, England) |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/8760358 |
Table of Contents:
- List of Figures
- Series Editor's
- Preface
- Preface to the First Edition
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Preface to the Third Edition
- 1. What Is a Discourse Approach?
- The Problem with Culture
- Culture is a verb
- Discourse
- Discourse systems
- What Is Communication?
- Language is ambiguous by nature
- We must draw inferences about meaning
- Our inferences tend to be fixed, not tentative
- Our inferences are drawn very quickly
- Interdiscourse communication and English as a global language
- What This Book Is Not
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Four processes of ethnography
- Four types of data in ethnographic research
- Choosing a site of investigation
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 2. How, When, and Where to Do Things with Language
- Sentence Meaning and Speaker's Meaning
- Speech Acts, Speech Events, and Speech Situations
- Grammar of Context
- Seven main components for a grammar of context
- Scene
- Key
- Participants
- Message form
- Sequence
- Co-occurrence patterns, marked and unmarked
- Manifestation
- Variation in context grammar
- "Culture" and Context
- High context and low context situations
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Using the "grammar of context" as a preliminary ethnographic audit
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 3. Interpersonal Politeness and Power
- Communicative Style or Register
- Face
- The "self" as a communicative identity
- The Paradox of Face: Involvement and Independence
- Politeness strategies of involvement and independence
- Linguistic strategies of involvement: some examples
- Linguistic strategies of independence: some examples
- Face Systems
- Three Face Systems: Deference, Solidarity, and Hierarchy
- Deference face system (-P, +D)
- Solidarity face system (-P, -D)
- Hierarchical face system (+P, +/-D)
- Miscommunication
- Variations in Face Systems
- Social Organization and Face Systems
- Kinship
- The concept of the self
- Ingroup-outgroup relationships
- Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Exploring the interaction order
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 4. Conversational Inference: Interpretation in Spoken Discourse
- How Do We Understand Discourse?
- Cohesive Devices: Lexical and Grammatical
- Reference
- Verb forms
- Conjunction
- The causal conjunction "because"
- Cognitive Schemata and Scripts
- World knowledge
- Adjacency sequences
- Prosodic Patterning: Intonation and Timing
- Intonation
- Timing
- Metacommunication
- Non-sequential processing
- Interactive Intelligence
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Collecting and analyzing spoken data
- Reconfiguring default settings
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 5. Topic and Face: Inductive and Deductive Patterns in Discourse
- What Are You Talking About?
- Topic, Turn Exchange, and Timing
- The call-answer-topic adjacency sequence
- The call
- The answer
- The Introduction of the caller's topic
- Deductive Monologues
- The Inductive Pattern
- Inside and outside encounters
- Hierarchical relationships and topic introduction
- The false east-west dichotomy
- Face: Inductive and Deductive Rhetorical Strategies
- Topics and face systems
- Face Relationships in Written Discourse
- Essays and press releases
- The press release: implied writers and implied readers
- The essay: a deductive structure
- Limiting Ambiguity: Power in Discourse
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Collecting and analyzing written data
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 6. Ideologies in Discourse
- Three Concepts of Discourse
- The Utilitarian Discourse System
- The Enlightenment: reason and freedom
- Bentham and Mill's Utilitarianism
- Forms of discourse in the Utilitarian discourse system
- The Panopticon of Bentham
- Face systems in the Utilitarian discourse system
- Internal face systems: liberté, égalité, fraternité
- The institutions of the Utilitarian discourse system
- Outside discourse
- Multiple discourse systems
- The Confucian discourse system
- "Conversations"
- What "Counts" as an Ideology?
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- The relationship between small d discourse and big D Discourses
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 7. Forms of Discourse
- Functions of Language
- Information and relationship
- Negotiation and ratifi cation
- Group harmony and individual welfare
- Clarity, Brevity, and Sincerity Revisited
- Theories of communication in the Utilitarian discourse system
- Kant's view of the "public" writer
- Plagiarism and ideology
- Modes, Media, and the Materiality of Discourse
- Mode
- Media
- Emplacement
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 8. Socialization
- The Individual and "Culture"
- Socialization
- Education, enculturation, acculturation
- Primary and secondary socialization
- Socialization as legitimate peripheral participation
- Theories of the person and of learning
- Socialization in the Utilitarian Discourse System
- Education vs. socialization
- Socialization and face systems
- Socialization and the "Historical Body"
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- An outline guide for the study of discourse systems
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 9. Corporate and Professional Discourse
- Voluntary and Involuntary Discourse Systems
- Five key discourse systems in corporate and professional life
- The Corporate Discourse System (Corporate Culture)
- Ideology
- Socialization
- Forms of discourse
- Face systems
- The size and scope of corporate discourse systems
- Professional Discourse Systems
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 10. Generational Discourse
- Involuntary Discourse Systems
- The Ideologies of Individualism in the United States
- Six generations of North Americans
- The shifting ground of U.S. individualism
- Communication between generations
- Six Generations of Chinese
- The changing nature of collectivism
- The shifting ground of Chinese collectivism
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 11. Gender and Sexuality Discourse
- Gender and Sexuality
- Gender Discourse Systems
- Directness or indirectness?
- Who talks more?
- Forms of discourse; functions of language
- Face systems
- The origin of difference: ideology and paradox
- The maintenance of difference: socialization
- Problems with the "difference" approach
- Compromise: "communities of practice"
- Sexuality
- Sexuality and gender
- Performativity
- Discourse systems and imagined communities
- "Gay Culture" and the Utilitarian Discourse System
- Ideology
- Face systems
- Forms of discourse
- Socialization
- The "Tongzhi Discourse System"
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- 12. Doing "Intercultural Communication"
- Discourse Systems and the Individual
- Intersystem communication
- Cultural ideology and stereotyping
- Negative stereotypes
- Positive stereotypes, the lumping fallacy, and the solidarity fallacy
- Othering
- Differences Which Make a Difference: Discourse Systems
- Intercultural Communication as Mediated Action
- Avoiding Miscommunication
- Researching Interdiscourse Communication
- Discussion Questions
- References for Further Study
- References
- Index