The biology of sharks and rays /
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| Author / Creator: | Klimley, A. Peter. |
|---|---|
| Imprint: | Chicago ; London : The University of Chicago Press, 2013. |
| Description: | xi, 512 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm |
| Language: | English |
| Subject: | |
| Format: | Print Book |
| Local Note: | University of Chicago Library copy includes original dust jacket. |
| URL for this record: | http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/9331812 |
Table of Contents:
- 1. An Introduction to the Cartilaginous Fishes
- 2. Evolutionary History
- Sharks and Chimaeras of the Paleozoic Era
- Species Diversification
- Early Paleozoic Sharks
- Late Paleozoic Sharks
- Paleozoic Chimaeras
- Spotlight 2.1. The Paleozoic Ecosystem
- Permian Extinctions
- Sharks and Rays of the Mesozoic Era
- Evolutionary Relationships
- Fossil Record
- Spotlight 2.2. The Demise of the Giant-tooth Shark
- Orders of Extant Cartilaginous Fishes
- Summary
- 3. Body Design and Swimming Modes
- Skeleton and Fins
- White and Red Muscle
- Skin and Dermal Denticles
- Spotlight 3.1. Denticle-Covered Bathing Suits Produce World Records
- Biomechanics of Swimming
- Classification of Swimming Modes
- Spotlight 3.2. Kinematics Reveal Asymmetrical Tail's Function
- Summary
- 4. Water and Ionic Regulation
- Osmoregulation
- Spotlight 4.1. Cartilaginous Fishes in Freshwater
- Osmoregulatory Organs
- Rectal Gland
- Kidney
- Gills
- Summary
- 5. Warming of the Body
- Cold-Bodied Cartilaginous Fishes
- Warm-Bodied Cartilaginous Fishes
- Muscular, Visceral, and Orbital Retes
- Ectothermy versus Endothermy
- Spotlight 5.1. Calcium Ion Uptake by Heart
- Summary
- Spotlight 5.2. Temperature Dependency and Global Marine Communities
- 6. Sense of Smell: Chemoreception
- Olfactory Organ
- Chemical Sensitivity
- Spotlight 6.1. Ineffective Artificial Repellent, Effective Natural Repellent!
- Chemical Orientation
- Spotlight 6.2. Laterally Expanded Rostrum and Stereo-olfaction
- Summary
- 7. Sense of Hearing: Mechanoreception
- Spotlight 7.1. Attraction to Low-frequency Sounds
- Withdrawal from Impulsive Sounds
- Water Particle Displacements and Pressure Oscillations
- External Mechanoreceptors Sensitive to Water Displacements
- Superficial Neuromasts, Lateral Line, and Vesicles of Savi
- Internal Mechanoreceptors Sensitive to Pressure Oscillations
- Inner Ear, or Labyrinth
- Spotlight 7.2. Macula Neglecta and Prey Detection
- Hearing Sensitivity
- Sound Localization and Noise Pollution
- Summary
- 8. Sense of Sight: Photoreception
- Underwater Photic Environment
- Anatomy of Eye
- Visual Pigments
- Day and Night Vision
- Spotlight 8.1. Do Sharks or Rays See Colors?
- Visual Capabilities
- Summary
- 9. Sense of Electromagnetic Fields: Electro Reception/Magneto Reception
- Saltwater, a Highly Conductive Medium
- Anatomy and Distribution of Ampullae of Lorenzini
- Spotlight 9.1. Catsharks Detect Prey by Bioelectric Fields
- Prey Detection
- Mate Detection
- Orientation and Navigation
- The Earth's Magnetic Field
- Spotlight 9.2. Hammerhead Sharks Migrate Along Magnetic Pathways
- Hierarchy of Senses
- Summary
- 10. Brain Organization and Intelligence
- Brain Organization
- Anatomy of Brains of Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras
- Differences in Development of Regions of Brain
- Capacity to Learn
- Spotlight 10.1. Brains of Sharks and Rays Are Highly Developed
- Summary
- 11. Courtship and Reproduction
- Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology
- Male Sharks and Rays
- Spermatogenesis
- Sexual Maturation
- Female Sharks and Rays
- Sexual Maturation and Embryonic Development
- Reproductive Cycle
- Spotlight 11.1. Intrauterine Cannibalism
- Sexual Segregation
- Courtship and Copulation
- Spotlight 11.2. Promiscuity and Multiple Paternity
- Summary
- 12. Feeding Behavior and Biomechanics
- Filter Feeding on Plankton
- Approach, Seizure, and Handling Prey
- Spotlight 12.1. A Perfect Biological Sieve
- Evolution of Jaws
- Biomechanics of Feeding
- Anatomy and Function of Teeth
- Spotlight 12.2. Biomechanics of Shark Teeth
- Summary
- 13. Diet and Growth
- Cartilaginous Fishes in the Food Chain
- Dietary Composition
- Feeding Frequency and Digestion Rate
- Spotlight 13.1. Remote Sensing of Feeding
- Anatomy of Stomach and Intestine
- Growth Rate and Life Span
- Verifying Age
- Spotlight 13.2. Atomic Bombs and Vertebral Aging
- Growth Rates
- Summary
- 14. Daily Movements, Home Range, and Migration
- Ambushers
- Central-Place Aggregators
- Oceanic Migrators
- Diving Behavior
- Spotlight 14.1. State-of-the-Art Electronic Tags
- Summary
- 15. Cartilaginous Fishes and Humans
- Shark Attacks on Humans
- Motivation
- Defense
- Feeding
- International Shark Attack File
- Spotlight 15.1. Chance of Being Attacked by a Shark
- Avoiding Harm from Sharks
- Stingray Injuries to Humans
- Spotlight 15.2. Steve Irwin's Death from a Stingray Barb
- Ecotourism
- Economic Value
- Summary
- 16. Fisheries and Conservation
- Who's Eating Whom?
- Historical Decline of Shark Fisheries
- Current Status of Shark Populations in the North Atlantic Ocean
- What Makes Cartilaginous Fishes Vulnerable to Overfishing?
- Management and Protection of Shark Populations
- Spotlight 16.1. The Wasteful Practice of Shark Finning
- Management without Catch and Effort from Fishers
- Establishment of Marine Reserves
- Spotlight 16.2. What Regulations Promote Healthy Shark Populations?
- Summary
- References
- Illustration Credits
- Index