Instance of mediation between the production of varied goods and services and the health of the population, the complexity of Health Surveillance (VS) imposes a multidisciplinary approach. It appears in each of the chapters of this collection: sociology, which provides the tools for historical analysis and for understanding the role of the state, epidemiology, planning, legislation and evaluation, which provide the concepts, procedures and the techniques necessary for the performance of the regulatory and normative function. Thus, it defines and builds a tripod of competences to qualify acting in VS: technical knowledge, public responsibility and ethical commitment. Thus, it reaches and interests not only health professionals, but also those in search of an education for citizenship.